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BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

principal component of carnauba wax (Brazilian wax palm)

A

myricyl cerotate

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2
Q

principal component of
spermaceti

A

cetyl palmitate

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3
Q

Formed when the hydroxyl groups of glycerol react with the carboxyl groups of fatty acids

A

triglycerides

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4
Q

double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids react with H2 in the presence of a Ni or Pt catalyst.

A

hydrogenation

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5
Q

ester bonds are split by water in the presence of an acid, a base, or an enzyme.

A

hydrolysis

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6
Q

Converts double bonds to single bonds.

A

hydrogenation

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7
Q

majority of the unsaturated fatty acids are: cis or trans?

A

cis

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8
Q

formed during hydrogenation when cis double bonds are converted to trans double bonds

A

trans fatty acids

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9
Q

trans fatty acids raise
____ cholesterol
lowers
____ cholesterol

A
  1. LDL or bad cholesterol
  2. HDL -gets rid of excess cholester
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10
Q

Triacylglycerols split into glycerol and three fatty acids.

A

hydrolysis

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11
Q

The basic hydrolysis of fat and oils produces

A

soap or in the process of saponification

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12
Q

the reaction of a fat with a strong base.

A

saponification

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13
Q

gives softer soaps

A

KOH

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14
Q

A sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid.

A

soap

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15
Q

The most abundant lipids in cell membranes

A

glycerophospholipids

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16
Q

glycerophospholipids are composed of

A

glycerol
two fatty acids
phosphate amino alcohol

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17
Q

Glycerophospholipids Are: polar or non-polar

A

polar

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18
Q

polar amino alcohols

A

choline
serine
ethanolamine

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19
Q

Abundant in brain and nerve tissues

A

lecithin and cephalin

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20
Q

simplest sphingolipids

A

ceramide

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21
Q

cellular signalling

A

ceramide

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22
Q

a sphingolipid found in membrane of nerve cells

A

sphingomyelinw

23
Q

lipid-rich membrane sheath that surrounds the axons of nerve cells; High content of sphingomyelins

24
Q

contain monosaccharides bonded to the –OH of sphingosine by a glycosidic bond.

A

glycosphingolipids

25
Q

glycosphingolipids are composed of

A

galactose or glucose

26
Q

similar to cerebrosides, but contain two or more monosaccharides.

A

gangliosides

27
Q

a cerebroside with galactose or glucose.

A

glycospingolipids

28
Q

Act as receptor for hormones and
viruses.

A

gangliosides

29
Q

GM2 is a ganglioside; accumulates in

A

Tay-Sachs disease

30
Q

Blockage in the catabolism of ganglioside

A

Tay Sachs Disease

31
Q

Tay sachs disease is a Lack of the enzyme

A

hexosaminidase A

32
Q

A steroid nucleus consists of

A

3 cyclohexane rings. • 1 cyclopentane ring

33
Q

the most abundant steroid in the body

A

cholesterol

34
Q

highest cholesterol content

35
Q

steroids in plants

A

phytosterols

36
Q

synthesized in the liver from cholesterol

A

bile salts

37
Q

Combine lipids with proteins and phospholipids.

A

lipoproteins

38
Q

chemical messengers in cells.
• produced from cholesterol.

A

steroid hormones

39
Q

steroid hormones include

A

androgens and estrogens

40
Q

prepares uterus for fertilized egg

A

progesterone

41
Q

contraceptive

A

norethindrone

42
Q

produced by the adrenal glands located on the
top of each kidney.

A

adrenal corticosteroids

43
Q

regulates electrolytes and water balance by the kidneys.

A

aldosterone

44
Q

glucocorticoid, which increases blood glucose level and stimulates the synthesis of glycogen in the liver.

45
Q

derivatives of testosterone.
• used illegally to increase muscle mass.

A

anabolic steroids

46
Q

growth and differentiation of tissue and in good vision

vitamin

47
Q

calcium absorption & retention in bones
vitamin

48
Q

Serves as antioxidant; may be necessary for reproduction in humans

vitamin

A

Vitamin E

tocopherol

49
Q

Regulatory function in blood clotting

vitamin

50
Q

Deficiency of Vit D

51
Q

Powerful antioxidant – good reducing
agent

Remove free radicals (high degree of reactivity); play a part in the devt of cancer & in aging process.
• Prevent biomolecules from degradation.

A

Vitamin E (a-tocopherol)

52
Q

determine the
exact form of vitamin K

A

number of isoprene units

53
Q

examples of anabolic steroids

A

methandienone
oxandrolone
nandrolone
stanozolol

BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE (8 decks)

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