GLYCOLYSIS Flashcards
Glucose - Glucose 6 phosphate
hexokinase
Glucose 6 phosphate — Fructose 6-phosphate
Phosphohexose isomerase
Fructose 6- phosphate — Fructose 1,6 biphosphate
Phospho fructokinase-1
Fructose 1,6 biphosphate —Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Aldolase
Dihydroxyacetone lhosphate—Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate
Triose phosphate isomerase
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate — 1,3 bisphophoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate — 3- phosphoglycerate
phosphoglycerate kinase
3- phosphoglycerate — 2 phospholycerate
Phosphoglycerate mutase
2-Phosphoglycerate —Phosphoenolpyruvate
enolase
Phosphoenolpyruvate — pyrivate
pyruvate kinase
glycolysis occur in
cytoplasm
Krebs cycle occurs in
mitochondria
Pyruvate — acetyl CoA
pyruvate dehydrogenase
Acetyl CoA— Citrate
citrate synthase
citrate — cis-aconitate
aconitase
cis-aconitate — isocitrate
aconitase
isocitrate — oxalosuccinate
NapAD to NADH +H+
isocitrate dehydrogenase
oxalosuccinate — a- ketoglutarate
isocitrate dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate — succynl-CoA
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
succinyl CoA — Succinate
succinyl CoA synthetase
succinate to fumarate
FAD to FADH
succinate dehydrogenase
fumarate to L- malate
fumarase
L-malate — oxaloacetate
malate dehydrogenase
Krebs cycle
____ electrons NADH
____ FADH2
——ATP
_____ CO2
6
2
1
2
hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP releases __ of energy
7.3 kcal
a coenzyme central to metabolism
●one nucleotide has an adenine nucleobase and the other a nicotinamide
NAD
reduced form
NADH
____ ATP molecules are synthesized per NADH oxidized
2.5
a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses require NADPH as a reducing agent (hydrogen source
NADPH
____ ATPs are produced when electrons from NADPH move through the electron transport chain
3
FAD
flavin adenine dinucleotide
a redox-active coenzyme which is involved with several enzymatic reactions in metabolism
FAD
___ ATPs are synthesized per FADH2 oxidized
1.5
generated by one of the enzymes in the citric acid cycle
GTP
catalyst of GTP
nucleoside diphosphate kinase
GTP number of ATP
1
end product of glycolusis
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH
2 H
2 ATP
2 H2O
pyruvate formed in glycolysis enters the mitochondrial matrix; undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to form
acetyl CoA
KREBS CYCLE
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
End products of krebs cycle
acetyl-CoA+ 3 NAD+ FAS+ GDP+ P + 2 H2O —>
CoA-SH +3 NADH +FADH 2+ 3 H+ GTP+ 2 CO2
●final step in cellular respiration
oxidative phosphorylation
the process where energy is harnessed through a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria called the
electron trasport chain
Complex I
NADH to NAD+
2 electrons
Complex 2
FADH2 to FAD
electrons from Complex I and complex 2 are transferred to a carrier called
ubiquinone Q
accepts electrons from ubiquinone Q
Complex 3
Electrons from complex 3 are picked up by
cytochrome C
Complex IV
reaction with O2 produces H2O
High H+ concentration
is the enzyme that makes ATP molecules.
ATP synthase
