Lipids

Question 1

Risk Factors for Hyperlipidemia

Answer 1

Men >45
Women>55
Family history of CHD, HTN
Current smoker
<40 HDL
Hypotension
DM
Known CVD Risk

Question 2

Extremely high levels of chylomicrons or VLDL particles can cause:

Answer 2

Eruptive Xanthomas

Question 3

High levels of LDL can cause:

Answer 3

Tendinous Xanthomas

Question 4

High levels of triglycerides can cause:

Answer 4

Lipemia Retinalis

Question 5

Extremely high levels of chylomicrons or VLDL particles can cause:

Answer 5

Eruptive Xanthomas

Question 6

High levels of HDH can cause:

Answer 6

Tendinous Xanthomas

Question 7

High levels of triglycerides can cause:

Answer 7

Lipemia Retinalis

Question 8

NCEP recommends screening all individuals for high cholesterol beginning at what age?

Answer 8

20

Question 9

T/F: Most individuals have no clinical signs of high cholesterol

Answer 9

True. Usually indicated in blood testing.

Question 10

What values indicate an increase in CHD risk with high cholesterol?

Answer 10

Each 10 mg/dl of total cholesterol increases the risk of CHD by 10%

Question 11

What constitutes a patient as high risk for CAD?

Answer 11

Hx of:
CAD
MI
Stroke
CHD

Question 12

What constitutes a patient as intermediate risk?

Answer 12

2+ Risk Factors

Question 13

What constitutes a patient as low risk?

Answer 13

<2 Risk Factors

Question 14

HDL

Answer 14

Good cholesterol

High Density

Question 15

LDL

Answer 15

Bad Cholesterol

Low Density

Question 16

Treatment for Hyperlipidemia

Answer 16

Diet
Exercise
Weight loss
Smoking cessation
Aspirin therapy
Rx if needed

Question 17

Benefit of HDL

Answer 17

If HDL>60, it subtracts a risk factor.

Question 18

Niacin

Answer 18

Lipid-lowering
Causes flushing due to prostaglandins
Intolerance is common

Question 19

Cholestyramine, Colesevelam, and Colestipol

Answer 19

Bind bile acids
Lowers LDL
GI issues are common

Question 20

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are more commonly referred to as?

Answer 20

Statins

Question 21

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) mechanism

Answer 21

Work by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of cholesterol

Question 22

Gemfibrozil

Answer 22

Fibrate (PPAR-alpha) agonists):
Lowers LDL and HDL
Reduces CHD

Question 23

Ezetimibe

Answer 23

Inhibits cholesterol transporter
Lowers LDL
inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small bowel

Question 24

Side Effects of Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Answer 24

Muscle aches
Mild GI issues
Liver toxicity

Question 25

Side Effects of Gemfibrozil

Answer 25

Gall Stones
Hepatitis
Muscle Inflammation

Question 26

Calculating Total Cholesterol

Answer 26

HDL + LDL + VLDL

Question 27

Where are most Triglycerides located?

Answer 27

VLDL

Question 28

The liver is the power house producer of?

Answer 28

Lipoproteins

Question 29

What can cause increases in Triglycerides?

Answer 29

1. Alcohol
2. DM
3. Pregnancy
4. Hypothyroidism (Decreases LPL)
5. Nephrotic Syndrome (decreases TG clearance)

Question 30

What is the best predictor for Cardiovascular Risk?

Answer 30

Apo B

Question 31

What type of cholesterol is most responsive to Lifestyle?

Answer 31

Non-HDLs, which include:
Apo B
LDL-P

Question 32

What are the names of the most common statins?

Answer 32

Pravastatin
Simvastatin
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin

Question 33

If pt is maxed out on statins, what meds can you use?

Answer 33

Ezetimibe: Inhibits Cholesterol Absorption in Small Bowel, reducing LDL

Nicotinic Acid: Raises HDL, reduces coronary events

Fenofibrate: Work on nuclear receptor dominant=

Question 34

Side Effects of Nicotinic Acid

Answer 34

Flushing
Itching
Worsens Insulin Resistance
Increases Uric Acid
Peptic Ulcers