lipids-1 Flashcards
what are the three steps to naming lipids
1- how many carbons
2- how many double bonds
3- where the double bonds are
what are fatty acids (3 words)
amphipathic carboxylic acid
what are 2 things that fatty acids are a key component of
storage and membrane lipids
are fatty acids more commonly cis or trans
cis
how does degree of saturation relate to melting point
higher degree of saturation=higher melting point
what does a low degree of saturation mean to melting point
low melting point
what does a high degree of saturation mean to melting point
high melting point
why are membrane lipids amphipathic (what makes it so)
hydrophilic end / polar head group
hydrophobic end / fatty acid tail
what charge or membrane lipids in the polar part of the lipid
neutral or negative
what do variations in membrane lipid composition affect
the specific nature of the membrane
what are the 5 primary types of membrane lipids
- glycerophospholipids
- sphingolipids
- galactolipids
- tetraether lipids
- sterol lipids
what are the 4 classes of lipids
- phospholipids
- glycolipids
- sulfolipids
- ether lipids
what are 2 types of phospholipids
glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids
what is a type of phospholipid sphingolipid
sphingomyelin
what are 3 types of glycolipids
sphingolipid
inositol lipids
galactolipids
what are 3 types of phospholipid sphingolipid
cerebrosides
globosides
gangliosides
what are ether lipids / another name for it
tetraether
what is the central core of glycerophospholipids
glycerol-3-phosphate
is glycerol chiral
no
is glycerol-3-phosphate chiral
yes
what is the chiral center of glycerol-3-phosphate
C2
is R1 or R2 in glycerophospholipids more likely to be saturated
R1
is R1 or R2 in glycerophospholipids more likely to be unsaturated
R2
how are fatty acids connected to the glycerol backbone
ester linkages (carbon 1 and 2)
is the fatty acid attached to C2 of glycerol usually saturated or unsaturated
unsaturated
is the fatty acid attached to C1 of glycerol usually saturated or unsaturated
saturated
what kind of substituent is often attached to the phosphate of glycerophospholipids
a polar substituent
what kind of bond would it be if an alcohol was attached to the phosphate of a glycerophospholipid
phosphodiester
what ultimately determines the “type” of glycerophospholipid
the substituent that is attached to the phosphate
what is phosphatidic acid
a glycerophospholipid with no additional polar group (so just an H)
what is the charge of phosphatidic acid
-1 (charge just from glycerol-3-phosphate)
what is the charge of phosphatidate
-2 (charge from glycerol-3-phosphate and the PO4-)
what contributes the normal -1 charge on glycerophospholipids
the phosphate from glycerol-3-phosphate
what kind of charges can the head groups of glycerophospholipids contribute and what does this do to the charge of the whole lipid
positive or negative (or neutral)
making the whole lipid neutral or negative
do the lipid groups attached to C1 and C2 vary depending on the glycerophospholipid head group
yes
what is phosphatidate
the conjugate base of phosphatidic acid
what is the charge of ethanolamine as part of lipid
0
what is the charge of choline as part of lipid
0
what is the charge of serine as part of lipid
-1
what is the thing attached to phosphate in phosphatidic acid
H
what is the thing attached to phosphate in choline
CH2CH2N(CH3)3+
what is the thing attached to phosphate in ethanolamine
CH2CH2NH3+
what is the thing attached to phosphate in ethanolamine
CH2CH2NH3+
what is the thing attached to phosphate in serine
CH2CH(CH3+)COO-
what is the charge of myo-inositol as part of lipid
-1
what is the charge of glycerol as part of lipid
-1
what is the charge of phosphatidyl glycerol as part of lipid (as the X group)
-2
what kind of lipid is phosphatidylinositol
glycolipid
what do you call it when H is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid
phosphatidic acid
what do you call it when ethanolamine is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid
phosphatidylethanolamine
what do you call it when choline is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid
phosphatidylcholine
what do you call it when serine is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid
phosphatidylserine
what do you call it when myo-inositol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid
phosphatidylinositol
what do you call it when glycerol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid
phosphatidylglycerol
what do you call it when phosphatidylglycerol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid
diphosphatidylglycerol
