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BIOCH 320 > lipids-1 > Flashcards

lipids-1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three steps to naming lipids

A

1- how many carbons
2- how many double bonds
3- where the double bonds are

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2
Q

what are fatty acids (3 words)

A

amphipathic carboxylic acid

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3
Q

what are 2 things that fatty acids are a key component of

A

storage and membrane lipids

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4
Q

are fatty acids more commonly cis or trans

A

cis

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5
Q

how does degree of saturation relate to melting point

A

higher degree of saturation=higher melting point

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6
Q

what does a low degree of saturation mean to melting point

A

low melting point

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7
Q

what does a high degree of saturation mean to melting point

A

high melting point

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8
Q

why are membrane lipids amphipathic (what makes it so)

A

hydrophilic end / polar head group

hydrophobic end / fatty acid tail

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9
Q

what charge or membrane lipids in the polar part of the lipid

A

neutral or negative

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10
Q

what do variations in membrane lipid composition affect

A

the specific nature of the membrane

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11
Q

what are the 5 primary types of membrane lipids

A
  • glycerophospholipids
  • sphingolipids
  • galactolipids
  • tetraether lipids
  • sterol lipids
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12
Q

what are the 4 classes of lipids

A
  • phospholipids
  • glycolipids
  • sulfolipids
  • ether lipids
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13
Q

what are 2 types of phospholipids

A

glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids

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14
Q

what is a type of phospholipid sphingolipid

A

sphingomyelin

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15
Q

what are 3 types of glycolipids

A

sphingolipid
inositol lipids
galactolipids

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16
Q

what are 3 types of phospholipid sphingolipid

A

cerebrosides
globosides
gangliosides

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17
Q

what are ether lipids / another name for it

A

tetraether

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18
Q

what is the central core of glycerophospholipids

A

glycerol-3-phosphate

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19
Q

is glycerol chiral

A

no

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20
Q

is glycerol-3-phosphate chiral

A

yes

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21
Q

what is the chiral center of glycerol-3-phosphate

A

C2

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22
Q

is R1 or R2 in glycerophospholipids more likely to be saturated

A

R1

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23
Q

is R1 or R2 in glycerophospholipids more likely to be unsaturated

A

R2

24
Q

how are fatty acids connected to the glycerol backbone

A

ester linkages (carbon 1 and 2)

25
Q

is the fatty acid attached to C2 of glycerol usually saturated or unsaturated

A

unsaturated

26
Q

is the fatty acid attached to C1 of glycerol usually saturated or unsaturated

A

saturated

27
Q

what kind of substituent is often attached to the phosphate of glycerophospholipids

A

a polar substituent

28
Q

what kind of bond would it be if an alcohol was attached to the phosphate of a glycerophospholipid

A

phosphodiester

29
Q

what ultimately determines the “type” of glycerophospholipid

A

the substituent that is attached to the phosphate

30
Q

what is phosphatidic acid

A

a glycerophospholipid with no additional polar group (so just an H)

31
Q

what is the charge of phosphatidic acid

A

-1 (charge just from glycerol-3-phosphate)

32
Q

what is the charge of phosphatidate

A

-2 (charge from glycerol-3-phosphate and the PO4-)

33
Q

what contributes the normal -1 charge on glycerophospholipids

A

the phosphate from glycerol-3-phosphate

34
Q

what kind of charges can the head groups of glycerophospholipids contribute and what does this do to the charge of the whole lipid

A

positive or negative (or neutral)

making the whole lipid neutral or negative

35
Q

do the lipid groups attached to C1 and C2 vary depending on the glycerophospholipid head group

A

yes

36
Q

what is phosphatidate

A

the conjugate base of phosphatidic acid

37
Q

what is the charge of ethanolamine as part of lipid

A

0

38
Q

what is the charge of choline as part of lipid

A

0

39
Q

what is the charge of serine as part of lipid

A

-1

40
Q

what is the thing attached to phosphate in phosphatidic acid

A

H

41
Q

what is the thing attached to phosphate in choline

A

CH2CH2N(CH3)3+

42
Q

what is the thing attached to phosphate in ethanolamine

A

CH2CH2NH3+

43
Q

what is the thing attached to phosphate in ethanolamine

A

CH2CH2NH3+

44
Q

what is the thing attached to phosphate in serine

A

CH2CH(CH3+)COO-

45
Q

what is the charge of myo-inositol as part of lipid

A

-1

46
Q

what is the charge of glycerol as part of lipid

A

-1

47
Q

what is the charge of phosphatidyl glycerol as part of lipid (as the X group)

A

-2

48
Q

what kind of lipid is phosphatidylinositol

A

glycolipid

49
Q

what do you call it when H is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

A

phosphatidic acid

50
Q

what do you call it when ethanolamine is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

A

phosphatidylethanolamine

51
Q

what do you call it when choline is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

A

phosphatidylcholine

52
Q

what do you call it when serine is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

A

phosphatidylserine

53
Q

what do you call it when myo-inositol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

A

phosphatidylinositol

54
Q

what do you call it when glycerol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

A

phosphatidylglycerol

55
Q

what do you call it when phosphatidylglycerol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

A

diphosphatidylglycerol

BIOCH 320 (16 decks)

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