Lipid Taxonomy Flashcards
Fatty acids
Building blocks of complex lipids
Types of lipids
Fatty acids, triaglycerols, glycerolphospholipids, waxes, sphingolipids, terpenes, steroids
Triaglycerols
Lipid form for energy stores
Glycerolphospholipids
Charged and modified triaglycerols for membrane formation
Waxes
Lipids as molecular coatings
Sphingolipids
Brain lipids for membranes
Sphingosine backbone and fatty acid
Terpenes
Secondary plant metabolites
Steroids
Lipids as hormone: molecular messengers and signaling molecules
Lipid chemistry
High solubility in nonpolar solvents
Low solubility in H2O
Fully reduced form of carbon
Amphipathic
Fatty acid structure
Fully ionized carboxylate head group Hydrocarbon tail (usually even)
16 carbon saturated tail
Palmitic acid
18 carbon saturated tail
Stearic acid
18 carbons with double bond on carbon 9
Oleic acid
18 carbons with double bond on carbons 9 and 12
Linoleic acid
18 carbons with double bond on carbons 9, 12, 15
Alpha- linolenic acid
20 carbons with double bond on carbons 5, 8, 11, 14
Arachidonic acid
14 carbons saturated
Myrisic acid
Ceramide
Fatty acid and sphingosine joined by an amide linkage
Sphingomylelins
Phosphorylcholine/ethanolamine esterified to 1-hydroxy
Ganglioside
Acidic, sialic acid containing ceramide oligosaccharides
Waxes chemistry
Ester of fatty acid and fatty alcohol
Insoluble, water repellent
Terpene chemistry
Built from isoprene units
Base 5 carbon units
Linkage head to tail
Polyprenols
Long chain polyisoprenoids with terminal OH
Cholesterol
Principle component of animal cell membranes, smaller amounts found in organellar membranes
