Complex Carbohydrates Flashcards

0
Q

Starch

A

10-30% alpha- amylase 70-90% alpha-amylopectin

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1
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Polymers of sugars, both free and complexed to proteins and lipids. Important for storage, structure, recognition

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2
Q

Glycogen

A

Major storage polysaccharide, big polymer, highly branched, stored in liver and skeletal muscle, degrade from non reducing end

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3
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural polysaccharide, cell wall of plants

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4
Q

Glucosaminoglycans

A

Linear chains of repeating disaccharides in which one unit is an amino sugar and one or both is negatively charged

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5
Q

Heparin

A

Glycosaminoglycan, very high negative charge, natural anticoagulant

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6
Q

Hyaluronates

A

Glucosaminoglycan, component of vitreous humor of the eye and the synovial fluid, lubricant fluid of the body’s joints

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7
Q

Chondroitins/keratin sulfates

A

Glycosaminoglycan, found in tendons, cartilage, other connective tissue

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8
Q

Dermatan sulfate

A

Glycosaminoglycan, component of the extracellular matrix of the skin

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9
Q

Cell wall of gram positive bacteria

A

Peptidoglycan layers

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10
Q

Cell wall of gram negative bacteria

A

Outer and inner lipid layers, peptidoglycan in middle

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11
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Alternating polymer if n-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and n-acetylnmuramic acid (NAM), beta-1,4- linkage

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12
Q

Animal cell walls

A

Diversity of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, these regulate cell cell recognition and interaction

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13
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Sugar modifications of proteins and enzymes

N or O linked

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14
Q

Glycoproteins promote protein folding

A

Making intermediates more soluble, sequential modifications act as recognition marks for other factors including chaperones and lectins

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15
Q

N linked saccharides

A

Attached via the amide nitrogens of asparagine residues

16
Q

O linked saccharides

A

Attached to the hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and hydroxylysine

17
Q

Structure of gram positive peptidoglycan

A

The cross link between tetrapeptides is pentaglycine bridge

18
Q

Structure of gram negative peptidoglycan

A

The linkage between tetrapeptide segments involves direct amide bonds

19
Q

Cis Golgi network

A

Sorting- phosphorylation of oligosaccharides on lysosomal proteins

20
Q

Cis cisterna

A

Removal of Man

21
Q

Medial cisterna

A

Removal of Man, addition of GlcNAc

22
Q

Trans cisterna

A

Addiction of Gal, addition of NANA

23
Q

Trans Golgi network

A

Sulfation of tyrosines and carbohydrates