Complex Carbohydrates Flashcards
Starch
10-30% alpha- amylase 70-90% alpha-amylopectin
Polysaccharides
Polymers of sugars, both free and complexed to proteins and lipids. Important for storage, structure, recognition
Glycogen
Major storage polysaccharide, big polymer, highly branched, stored in liver and skeletal muscle, degrade from non reducing end
Cellulose
Structural polysaccharide, cell wall of plants
Glucosaminoglycans
Linear chains of repeating disaccharides in which one unit is an amino sugar and one or both is negatively charged
Heparin
Glycosaminoglycan, very high negative charge, natural anticoagulant
Hyaluronates
Glucosaminoglycan, component of vitreous humor of the eye and the synovial fluid, lubricant fluid of the body’s joints
Chondroitins/keratin sulfates
Glycosaminoglycan, found in tendons, cartilage, other connective tissue
Dermatan sulfate
Glycosaminoglycan, component of the extracellular matrix of the skin
Cell wall of gram positive bacteria
Peptidoglycan layers
Cell wall of gram negative bacteria
Outer and inner lipid layers, peptidoglycan in middle
Peptidoglycan
Alternating polymer if n-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and n-acetylnmuramic acid (NAM), beta-1,4- linkage
Animal cell walls
Diversity of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, these regulate cell cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Sugar modifications of proteins and enzymes
N or O linked
Glycoproteins promote protein folding
Making intermediates more soluble, sequential modifications act as recognition marks for other factors including chaperones and lectins