Lipid Structure and Function

Question 1

Amphipathic Properties of Lipid Bilayer

Answer 1

polar heads on outsides (hydrophilic), and fatty acid tails on the insides (hydrophobic)

Question 2

Phospholipid Structure

Answer 2

contain a phosphate and an alcohol that makeup the head group and are joined to hydrophobic fatty acid tail by a phosphodiester bond

Question 3

Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 3

all single bonds, greater stability

Question 4

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 4

at least one double bond

Question 5

Phosphoglycerides

Answer 5

aka glycerophospholipids
type of phospholipid that contains a glycerol backbone, bonded by ester linkages to 2 fatty acids and by a phosphodiester linkage to a polar head

Question 6

Sphingolipids

Answer 6

have a sphingosine or phingoid backbone, long chain fatty acid tails and polar head groups

can be either a phospholipid or a glycolipid

Question 7

Waxes

Answer 7

esters of long chain fatty acids with long chain alcohols that are used for protection

Question 8

Steroids

Answer 8

metabolic derivatives of terpenes and are non polar and very different from most other lipids, have 4 cycloalane rings fused together

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

type of steroid, common in phospholipid bilayer and is responsible for mediating membrane fluidity

Question 10

Protaglandins

Answer 10

20 carbon molecules that are unsaturated carboxylic acids derived from arachidonic acid and contain a 5 carbon ring, act as paracrine and autocrine signalling molecules

Question 11

Triglycerol Structure

Answer 11

3 fatty acids bonded by ester linkages to glycerol, they are nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 12

Free Fatty Acids

Answer 12

unesterified with a free carboxylate group and circulate in blood bound to albumin

Question 13

Saponification

Answer 13

the ester hydrolysis of triglycergides using a strong base resulting in the cleavage of the fatty acid leaving the sodium salt and glycerol