Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Question 1

3-C Sugar

Answer 1

Triose

Question 2

4-C Sugar

Answer 2

Tetrose

Question 3

Sugars with Aldehydes as most Oxidized Group

Answer 3

Aldose

Question 4

Sugars with Ketones as most Oxidized Group

Answer 4

Ketose

Question 5

D-Sugars

Answer 5

the highest numbered chiral carbon with the -OH group on the right (in a Fischer Projection)

Question 6

L-Sugars

Answer 6

the highest numbered chiral carbon with the -OH group on the left (in a Fischer Projection)

Question 7

L and D of the same sugars are:

Answer 7

Enantiomers

Question 8

Diastereomers

Answer 8

differ at at least one, but not all, chiral carbons

Question 9

Epimers

Answer 9

Differ at exactly one chiral carbon

Question 10

Anomers

Answer 10

are a subtype of epimers that differ at the anomeric carbon

Question 11

Anomeric Carbon

Answer 11

the new chiral centre formed in ring closure, it was the carbon containing the carbonyl in the straight chain form

Question 12

Alpha Anomers

Answer 12

have the -OH on the anomeric carbon trans to the free -CH2OH group

Question 13

Beta Anomers

Answer 13

have the -OH on the anomeric carbon cis to the free CH2OH group

Question 14

Mutarotation

Answer 14

one anomeric form switches to the form and the straight chain form is the intermediate

Question 15

What is it

Answer 15

D- Fructose

Question 16

What is it?

Answer 16

D-Glucose

Question 17

What is it?

Answer 17

D- Mannose

Question 18

What is it?

Answer 18

D-Galactose

Question 19

Glycoside Formation

Answer 19

The basis for building complex carbohydrates and requires the anomeric carbon to link to another sugar

Question 20

Sucrose

Answer 20

Glucose-alpha-1,2-fructose

Question 21

Lactose

Answer 21

Galactose-beta-1,4-glucose

Question 22

Maltose

Answer 22

glucose-alpha-1,4-glucose

Question 23

Deoxy Sugars

Answer 23

-H group replacing an -OH group

Question 24

Cellulose

Answer 24

main structural componenet of plant cell walls; main source of fiber in human diet

Question 25

Starches

Answer 25

amylose and amylopectin

main energy storage forms for plants

Question 26

Glycogen

Answer 26

a major energy storage form for animals

Question 27

When Swtiching from a Fisher Projection to a Haworth diagram

Answer 27

groups on the right point down, groups on the left point up