Carbohydrate Structure and Function Flashcards
3-C Sugar
Triose
4-C Sugar
Tetrose
Sugars with Aldehydes as most Oxidized Group
Aldose
Sugars with Ketones as most Oxidized Group
Ketose
D-Sugars
the highest numbered chiral carbon with the -OH group on the right (in a Fischer Projection)
L-Sugars
the highest numbered chiral carbon with the -OH group on the left (in a Fischer Projection)
L and D of the same sugars are:
Enantiomers
Diastereomers
differ at at least one, but not all, chiral carbons
Epimers
Differ at exactly one chiral carbon
Anomers
are a subtype of epimers that differ at the anomeric carbon
Anomeric Carbon
the new chiral centre formed in ring closure, it was the carbon containing the carbonyl in the straight chain form
Alpha Anomers
have the -OH on the anomeric carbon trans to the free -CH2OH group
Beta Anomers
have the -OH on the anomeric carbon cis to the free CH2OH group
Mutarotation
one anomeric form switches to the form and the straight chain form is the intermediate
What is it
D- Fructose
What is it?
D-Glucose
What is it?
D- Mannose
What is it?
D-Galactose
Glycoside Formation
The basis for building complex carbohydrates and requires the anomeric carbon to link to another sugar
Sucrose
Glucose-alpha-1,2-fructose
Lactose
Galactose-beta-1,4-glucose
Maltose
glucose-alpha-1,4-glucose
Deoxy Sugars
-H group replacing an -OH group
Cellulose
main structural componenet of plant cell walls; main source of fiber in human diet
Starches
amylose and amylopectin
main energy storage forms for plants
Glycogen
a major energy storage form for animals
When Swtiching from a Fisher Projection to a Haworth diagram
groups on the right point down, groups on the left point up
