Bioenergetics and Regulation of Metabolism

Question 1

Fed State

Answer 1

aka absorptive state

insulin secretion is high and anabolic metabolism prevails

Question 2

Fasting State

Answer 2

aka postabsorptive state

insulin secretion decreases while glucagon and catecholamine secretion increases

Question 3

Starvation State

Answer 3

dramatically increases glucagon and catecholamine secretion, most tissues rely on fatty acids

Question 4

Liver

Answer 4

maintains blood glucose through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

processes lipids, cholesterol, bile, urea, and toxins

Question 5

Adipose

Answer 5

stores and releases lipids

Question 6

Resting muscle

Answer 6

conserves carbohydrates as glycogen and uses free fatty acids for fuel

Question 7

Active Muscle

Answer 7

may use anaerobic metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, direct phosphorylation (CP), or fatty acid oxidation

Question 8

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 8

uses fatty acid oxidation

Question 9

Brain

Answer 9

uses glucose except in prolonged starvation, when it can use ketolysis

Question 10

Ghrelin

Answer 10

increases appetite and stimulates the release of orexin, usually secreted in response to signals of an impending meal

Question 11

Orexin

Answer 11

increases apetite

Question 12

Leptin

Answer 12

hormone secreted by fat cells that decreases appetite by suppressing orexin release