Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
What are the dietary lipids that you know?
TG( triglycerides)
Cholesterol
Cholesterol ester
Phosphoglycerides
What are the enzymes that can be found in (small intestine) for lipid digestion?
Pancreatic lipase
Cholesterol esterase
Phopholipase A2
Colipase
Emulsification of lipid occurs in?
What assist in that process?
- Duodenum
- Bile
Fatty acid and monoglycerides will enter into endoplasmic reticulum.
This process is mainly to convert the 2 things to _______?
Chylomicron
Chylomicron consists of?
Triglycerides phospholipid cholesterol cholesterol ester apoproteins
Chronic pancreatitis is caused by lipid malabsorption .
What lack of enzyme can leads to this situation?
Lipases
Bile duct obstruction can leads to ?
Cholelithiasis ( gall stones)
There are 5 lipoproteins.
List down those (5).
Chylomicron VDL LDL IDL HDL
Do lipoproteins carry : . Triglycerides . Cholesterol . Cholesterol . Phospholipid
( true / false)
True…sangat true
What are apoproteins?
Simply describe.
Protein in lipoproteins.
{Matching}
Chylomicron . . Apo B100
VDL . . Apo B48
LDL . . Apo E
HDL . . Apo B100
. Apo Cii
ApoB48
Apo B100
Apo B100
Apo Cii @ Apo E
Fucntions of :
Apo B100
Apo Cii
Apo E
Apo B100 @ Apo E : recognised by the LDL receptor at endothelium.
Apo Cii : activates the LPL
Deficiency of Apo B can leads to ….
- Accumulation of lipids in intestinal epithelial cells
- Leads to hypolipoproteinemia
Deficiency in LPL or Apo Cii
Can causes…….
- accumulation of TG in plasma
- Type 1 hyperlipidemia
- familial hyperchylomicronemia
What is FA synthesis?
Process by which the saturated FA ‘’ palmitate’’ is formed.
FA synthesis occurs when?
Excess CHO ( to store energy able to broken down for future)
FA synthesis…
Starting substrate:
End substrate:
Regulating enzyme:
Citrate
Palmitate
Acetyl Coa carboxylase
In FA synthesis…acetyl Coa carboxylase is regulating by
Stimulators: insulin, citrate
inhibitors: glucagon, palmitoyl coa
What is Lipolysis?
Break down of TG to Glycerol and FA.
What is FA oxidation or Beta oxidation ?
FA broken down into acetyl coa to form ketones and other metabolic fuels.
What is the rate limiting enzyme in FA oxidation ?
Carnitine Acytransferase-1 ( CAT1)
Carnitine Acytransferase-1 ( CAT1) is an important enzyme in beta oxidation. What can inhibits it?
Malonyl Coa
Why a person who is with (DKA) always undergoes ketone body synthesis?
. Type mellitus 1 . High BG level in body( hyperglycaemia) . Low insulin . High glucagon . No glycolysis . Yes gluconeogenesis
In what condition ketone synthesis will be activated?
Starvation
