Lipid Metabolism

Question 1

What are the dietary lipids that you know?

Answer 1

TG( triglycerides)
Cholesterol
Cholesterol ester
Phosphoglycerides

Question 2

What are the enzymes that can be found in (small intestine) for lipid digestion?

Answer 2

Pancreatic lipase
Cholesterol esterase
Phopholipase A2
Colipase

Question 3

Emulsification of lipid occurs in?

What assist in that process?

Answer 3

• Duodenum

- Bile

Question 4

Fatty acid and monoglycerides will enter into endoplasmic reticulum.
This process is mainly to convert the 2 things to _______?

Answer 4

Chylomicron

Question 5

Chylomicron consists of?

Answer 5

Triglycerides 
phospholipid 
cholesterol
cholesterol ester
apoproteins

Question 6

Chronic pancreatitis is caused by lipid malabsorption .

What lack of enzyme can leads to this situation?

Answer 6

Lipases

Question 7

Bile duct obstruction can leads to ?

Answer 7

Cholelithiasis ( gall stones)

Question 8

There are 5 lipoproteins.

List down those (5).

Answer 8

Chylomicron
VDL
LDL
IDL
HDL

Question 9

Do lipoproteins carry :
 . Triglycerides 
 . Cholesterol
 . Cholesterol
 . Phospholipid

( true / false)

Answer 9

True…sangat true

Question 10

What are apoproteins?

Simply describe.

Answer 10

Protein in lipoproteins.

Question 11

{Matching}

Chylomicron . . Apo B100
VDL . . Apo B48
LDL . . Apo E
HDL . . Apo B100
. Apo Cii

Answer 11

ApoB48
Apo B100
Apo B100
Apo Cii @ Apo E

Question 12

Fucntions of :

Apo B100
Apo Cii
Apo E

Answer 12

Apo B100 @ Apo E : recognised by the LDL receptor at endothelium.
Apo Cii : activates the LPL

Question 13

Deficiency of Apo B can leads to ….

Answer 13

• Accumulation of lipids in intestinal epithelial cells

- Leads to hypolipoproteinemia

Question 14

Deficiency in LPL or Apo Cii

Can causes…….

Answer 14

• accumulation of TG in plasma
• Type 1 hyperlipidemia
• familial hyperchylomicronemia

Question 15

What is FA synthesis?

Answer 15

Process by which the saturated FA ‘’ palmitate’’ is formed.

Question 16

FA synthesis occurs when?

Answer 16

Excess CHO 
( to store energy able to broken down for future)

Question 17

FA synthesis…

Starting substrate:
End substrate:
Regulating enzyme:

Answer 17

Citrate
Palmitate
Acetyl Coa carboxylase

Question 18

In FA synthesis…acetyl Coa carboxylase is regulating by

Answer 18

Stimulators: insulin, citrate
inhibitors: glucagon, palmitoyl coa

Question 19

What is Lipolysis?

Answer 19

Break down of TG to Glycerol and FA.

Question 20

What is FA oxidation or Beta oxidation ?

Answer 20

FA broken down into acetyl coa to form ketones and other metabolic fuels.

Question 21

What is the rate limiting enzyme in FA oxidation ?

Answer 21

Carnitine Acytransferase-1 ( CAT1)

Question 22

Carnitine Acytransferase-1 ( CAT1) is an important enzyme in beta oxidation. What can inhibits it?

Answer 22

Malonyl Coa

Question 23

Why a person who is with (DKA) always undergoes ketone body synthesis?

Answer 23

. Type mellitus 1
. High BG level in body( hyperglycaemia)
. Low insulin
. High glucagon
. No glycolysis 
. Yes gluconeogenesis

Question 24

In what condition ketone synthesis will be activated?

Answer 24

Starvation

Question 25

What is the important enzyme that involved in ketone body synthesis?

Answer 25

HMG-CoA synthase

Question 26

What is the 1st ketone produced?

Answer 26

Acetoacetate

Question 27

What is the regulating enzyme in cholesterol metabolism?

Answer 27

HMG- CoA reductase

Question 28

what are the regulators for HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol metabolism?

Answer 28

Inhibitors: glucagon,mevalonate
Stimulators: insulin

Question 29

Cholesterol is precursor for ?

Answer 29

Vit D
Steroid
Bile salts

Question 30

Familial hypercholesterolaemia is caused by?

Answer 30

Defect in LDL receptor