General Anatomy Flashcards
What does dermatome and myotome means ?
Dermatome : unilateral area of skin receiving innervation from a single spinal nerve
Myotome : unilateral area of skeletal muscle receiving innervation from a single spinal nerve
How many spinal nerves do we have ?
31 pairs 8-cervical 12-thoracic 5-lumbar 5-sacral 1-coccygeal
What are the outflows for sympathetic and parasympathetic ?
Sympathetic - thoraco-lumbar outflow
Parasympathetic-carniosacral outflow
What is the characteristics of nervous tissue ?
Irritability
Conductivity
How do we classify the neurons ?
1) morphology
2) function
3) size of axon
What is a neuroglial cell?
- nervous connective tissue cells
- provide microenvironment for neuronal activity
What are the 4 types of neuroglial cells and their functions ?
1) astrocytes
- structural support
- increase or decrease blood supply
- blood brain barrier
2) microglial
- inflammatory and repair in CNS
3) Ependymal
- secrete cerebrospinal fluid
4) oligodendrocytes
- form myelin in CNS
There are 2 types of astrocytes
What are they and where are they located?
Protoplasmic-grey matter
Fibrous-white matter
Why does damage to cell body cannot be repaired ?
- no mitosis
- no precursor cells
What is a nissl granule ?
RER and Golgi
Which part of a neuron cell does not have nissl granules ?
Axon hillocks
Which region can you find white rami communicantes and gray rami communicantes ?
White & gray - thoracic and lumbar
Gray - other regions
What is the difference between oligodendrocytes and schwann cell ?
O - make myelin for axon at cns
- can myelinate multiple axon at once
S - make myelin for axon at pns
- can myelinate on the part they are at
Maternal blood is delivered to the placenta by the ……… arteries in the uterus.
Spiral
Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by maternal hypertension,…………, and ……. appears to be a ………… disorder
proteinuria
edema
trophoblastic
Villi on the embryonic pole continue to grow giving rise to?
Chorion frondosum(bushy chorion)
Chorion frondosum + decidua basalis = ?
Placenta
What is the site of physiologic exchanges between mother and fetus?
Placenta
What is the function of cotyledons?
Receive blood from the spiral arteries that pierce the decidual plate and enter the intervillous spaces at regular intervals
The placental membrane consist of ? i) ii) iii) iv) Connective tissue in the villous core
Syncytium
Cytotrophoblastic layer
Endothelial lining of fetal vessels
The chorionic vessels converge towards the ……………?
umbilical cord
During the first two months, the syncytiotrophoblast produce …….., which maintains the ………
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), Corpus luteum
What is placenta previa?
A common cause of bleeding in later part of gestation and during parturition.
Labor is divided into 3 stages. What are those?
- Thinning and shortening of dilation of the cervix
- Delivery of the fetus
- Delivery of placenta and fetal membranes