Behavioral Science Flashcards
1
Q
Define emotion
A
▪︎ Complex sequence of reactions to a stimulus
▪︎ accompanied by physiological arousal and characteristic behaviour
2
Q
What is aggression?
A
▪︎ feeling of anger resulting in hostile or violent behaviour
3
Q
3 components in the physiology of emotion?
A
- Physiological (how body reacts)
- Behavioural (action in response)
- Cognitive (how you react mentally)
4
Q
James- Lange Theory is about?
Give example
A
▪︎ experience emotions only after physiological arousal has occurred
( stimulus > physiological arousal > emotion)
▪︎eg: someone taps your back > you turn > your surprised
*any related eg can
5
Q
Canon-Bard Theory says?
Give example
A
▪︎ Physiological arousal and emotion occurs simultaneously, yet independently
(Stimulus > Physiological arousal + emotion)
Eg: You see dinosaur > you start sweating + you fear
* any related eg can
6
Q
What do you know about Cognitive Theory ?
Give example
A
youdidntdoyourhomework
▪︎Interpretation of stimuli from environment
▪︎Interpretation of stimuli from body resulting from autonomic arousal and actions of body
( stimulus > cognition > Physiological arousal + emotion)
▪︎ eg: you see Maths teacher > brain interprets > heartbeat increase + excitement
*any related eg can
7
Q
Inability to manage emotion leads to?
A
Stressssss -affect mental & physical health
8
Q
Define emotional intelligence
A
▪︎ Ability to recognise meanings of emotion & their relationships & to use emotion effectively in reasoning and problem solving
9
Q
Emotional Intelligence depends on 3 Components what are they?
A
Reduces conflicts and frustration
- Perceiving information
- Understanding and reasoning about emotion
- Managing emotion
10
Q
What do you know about Freud’s Instinct theory ?
Clue: aggression
A
▪︎ release of inborn agressive instinct
11
Q
Frustration-agression theory states?
A
Agression is a natural reaction to the frustration of important motives
12
Q
What does the Social Learning Theory say abt aggression
A
It says aggression is not inborn but a learnt behavior
13
Q
What leads to aggression?
A
Anger
14
Q
How to reduce violence?
A
▪︎Freud says Catharsis (process of releasing instinctual energy)
▪︎ Frustration Aggression Theory says avoid/ reduce Frustration and adverse affects
15
Q
What is nervous system divided into?
A
CNS and PNS
16
Q
Define Cognition.
A
The intellectual processes (such as perception, memory, thinking & language) through which info is obtained, transformed, store, retrieved & used
17
Q
What is the basic unit of of thinking?
A
Concepts
18
Q
What is the function of Afferent neurons?
A
To transmit messages from sense organs to CNS
19
Q
What is the function of Somatic nervous system?
A
The part of PNS that carries messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from CNS to the skeletal muscles.
20
Q
What is ganglia?
A
Clusters of cell bodies of neurons outside the CNS
21
Q
What is the three major part of the brain?
A
Hindbrain, forebrain, midbrain
22
Q
What is the function of Parietal lobe?
A
Has a role in sense of touch and other body senses
23
Q
Which part of Forebrain does cingulate cortex work with to process cognitive information about emotion?
A
Hippocampus
24
Q
What are the 2 types of concept? Briefly define and give an example for each.
A
Simple concepts: study of elemtary cognitive processes based on a single common feature.
-Eg: Evaluation of colour perception
Complex concepts: Deals with all mental processes.
-Eg: Problem solving, critical thinking
25
Define Concept formation.
The process of classifying info into meaningful categories.
26
Give the 4 steps of learning a new concept (concept formation).
- Observation
- Generalisation
- Discrimination/ differences
- Abstraction
27
What are the 3 basic processes of Cognition?
- Perception
- Attention
- Memory
28
What are the 3 steps in solving a problem?
Step 1: Formulating the problem
Step 2: Understanding and organising the elements of the problem
Step 3: Generating & evaluating alternative solutions
29
State the 2 types of cognitive strategies to solve problems.
Algorithm & Heuristic method
30
State the meaning of
- Nature
- Nurture
Nature is biological causes for behaviour
| Nurture is environmental causes for behaviour
31
What is the gender and appearance of dizygotic twins?
May or may not have same gender and unidentical appearance
32
State what is "Patterns of behaviour, beliefs, and values shared by a group of people.
Culture
33
Does nature and nurture work together?
yes
34
Explain the algorithm method.
Algorithm: systematic patterns of reasoning that guarantee finding a correct solution.
(key words: systematic, step by step problem solving, guaranteed)
35
Explain the Heuristic method.
Heuristic: Ways of thinking based on strategies that increase the probability of finding a correct answer but doesn't guarantee it.
(keywords: general strategies, quick shortcut solutions & errors, unguaranteed)
36
Define convergent thinking.
Thinking that is logical, conventional, & focuses on problems.
(keywords: logical, factual, conventional, accuracy, & speed)
37
Define divergent thinking.
Thinking that is loosely organised, only partially directed, & unconventional.
(keywords: Fluency, loosely organised, originality, elaboratitive)
37
Define divergent thinking.
Thinking that is loosely organised, only partially directed, & unconventional.
(keywords: Fluency, loosely organised, originality, elaboratitive)
38
What is Broca's area?
Area of frontal lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere that plays a role in speaking language.
39
Which lobe is involved in hearing and understanding language?
Temporal lobe
40
What is the largest part of the forebrain and what is its function?
Cerebral cortex and it functions to control conscious experience and intelligence and involved in somatic nervous system
41
State two conditions that occur in Parasympathetic nervous sytem
Constrict Pupil
Slow heartbeart
(Stimulate digestion, Contracts bladder, Stimulate saliva)
42
List the 4 steps in the creative thinking process.
- Preparation
- Incubation
- Illumination
- Verification
43
Give an example of creative thinking in the healthcare profession.
Examples:
| Chemotherapy, defibrillator, cardiac pacemaker, laparascopic surgery, & many more.
44
Basic trust vs mistrust
Identity vs role confusion
Integrity vs despair
Who’s theory has mentioned these stages and well explained?
Erik erikson’s
45
Jean Piaget’s theory is about what development?
Has 4 stages in under this theory; what are the stages?
Coginitive
(Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational )stage
46
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development states that................................?
What are the levels involve in and with its stages?
We progress through three levels of moral thinking that build on our cognitive development.
Preconventional, conventional , postconventional
-obedience and - good boy, good girl orientation - social contract orie
Punishment orientation. -law and order orientation - universal ethical
- instrumental orientation. Principle orient
47
Define human psychological development?
The development of human beings’ cognitive , emotional , intellectual,social capabilities, and functioning over the course of life span , from infancy to old age.
48
Sigmund Freud.
| Stages?
```
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
```
49
Freud’s theory states that?
Behaviour and development of a person are influenced by interaction between conscious and unconscious aspects of that person’s mind
50
What Freud has explained about
ID
SUPER-EGO
EGO
- primitive and instinctual part of mind containing sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories.
- operates as moral conscience
- realistic part that mediates between desire of ID and super-ego.
51
Jeans piaget’s theory focusing on?
- on understanding how children acquire knowledges
| - on understanding the nature of intelligence
52
Define parenting.
Process of raising children and providing them with protection and care in order to ensure their healthy development into childhood.
53
There are 3 types of parenting styles.
| What are the three styles.
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
54
define -motivation :
motives :
primary motives :
motivation : internal conditions that activates and gives direction to take action
motives : psychological and physiological changes that influence our behavior
primary motives : for survival based on biological needs (hunger,thirst)
55
incentives is EXTERNAL CUE that activate motives.
| True or False ?
truee for example sight of glass makes you thirsty even when you not
56
Food intake is controlled by feeding system and satiety system (fullness). Which part of brain is responsible for this ?
feeding system - LATERAL hypothalamus, if remove cause starve till death
satiety system - VENTROMEDIAL hypothalamus, if remove cause hyperphagia (desire to eat more, lots)
57
List biological and physiological factors for eating.
Biological - stomach contraction, blood sugar level, body fats level
Physiological - maturation, culture, emotion
58
What is thirst and the cues ?
basic instinct /urge that drives to drink water,
| cues- cell fluid level, total body volume, mouth dryness
59
What is arousal theory ?
It is drive reduction theory, action to maintain optimum amount of stimulation/ arousal
60
Intrinsic and extrinsic comparison ?
Intrinsic - personal satisfaction, internal rewards
| Extrinsic -external factors(money,tips), external rewards
61
Motives that organised by hierarchy is referred to which theory ?
```
Maslow's hierachy of needs :
basic needs(food,safety) > physiological needs(sense of belonging,friendship) >self actualization(achievement)
```
62
Solomon's opponent theory stated that emotions work in pair of opposite . Example ?
fear-relief
| sad-happy
63
What is health behavior ?
motivation that ensure yourself to maintain good health, motivated person have good discipline (healthy diet, exercise)
64
Shane was convicted of five separate counts of murder. He confessed to killing the girls and showed no remorse for his actions. He even boasted that when he got out of prison, he would hunt down and kill the witnesses who had testified against him at his trial. In this case, Shane displays symptoms that are associated with:
a. paranoid personality disorder
b. dependent personality disorder
c. antisocial personality disorder
d. histrionic personality disorder
Answer : C
65
A young woman has just been taken to the emergency room after slashing her arms. In the past, she has been in-and-out of drug rehab several times. She has trouble controlling her temper, and has a history of unstable interpersonal relationships. She displays symptoms associated with a(n):
a. narcissistic personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. borderline personality disorder
d. paranoid personality disorder
Answer : C
66
Many health professionals believe personality disorders are unique because they are
A. less ingrained within the person.
B. linked more closely to personality.
C. less inflexible than other disorders.
D. more responsive to treatment.
Answer : D
67
Individuals with borderline personality disorder tend to have a poor self-image, an inability to regulate emotions, and unstable patterns of social relationships.
Is the statement true or false?
True
68
Individuals who have _____ disorder have problems of emotional regulation, a poor sense of self, and unstable social relationships.
Borderline personality disorder
68
Individuals who have _____ disorder have problems of emotional regulation, a poor sense of self, and unstable social relationships.
Borderline personality disorder
69
The dependent personality and the antisocial personality are each defined by specific collections of traits that
a. are not adaptive.
b. increase the person's risk of having a heart attack.
c. include being introverted, cautious, and agreeable.
d. include being sociable, nurturing, and
Answer : C
70
Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by auditory hallucinations and _____.
(a) delusions of grandeur and persecution
(b) severe depression
(c) silliness and bizarre behavior
(d) mutism.
Answer : A
70
Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by auditory hallucinations and _____.
(a) delusions of grandeur and persecution
(b) severe depression
(c) silliness and bizarre behavior
(d) mutism.
Answer : A
71
Each night as Leo gets in bed, he has these intrusive, unwanted thoughts that he left the stove on or the door unlocked. So, he gets up and checks, but once back in bed, he thinks that he might have accidentally turned on the stove or unlocked the door while he was checking them and goes back to the kitchen again. Leo is suffering from a condition known as _____ disorder.
a. obsessive-compulsive
b. somatization
c. generalized anxiety
d. paranoid delusional
Answer : c
72
Which of the following personality disorders describes a person who displays social isolation, extremely odd behavior, and disturbed thought patterns, but who is not actively psychotic?
a. dependent
b. schizotypal
c. narcissistic
d. schizoid
Answer :B
73
Which of the following persons would most likely be diagnosed with an avoidant personality disorder?
a. Adam is a perfectionist who follows a rigid routine and prefers to be in control at all times.
b. Tommy is deeply mistrustful and suspicious of other's motives.
c. Darden is charming but is irresponsible and lacks guilt or remorse.
d. Walter is timid and uncomfortable in social situations and fears evaluation.
Answer : D
74
Edgar constantly seeks attention from everyone, including strangers, by dramatizing his every emotion and action. Edgar would be described as having which type of personality disorder?
a. dependent
b. histrionic
c. obsessive-compulsive
d. schizoid
Answer :B
75
Abby suffers from extremely low self-confidence and always places everyone else's needs ahead of her own. Abby's behaviour fits the description of which type of personality disorder?
a. paranoid
b. histrionic
c. schizotypal
d. dependent
Answer : D
76
People with antisocial personality disorder shows no signs of remorse. True or false?
True
77
Tony truly believes that the FBI and the CIA have implanted listening devices into his eyeglasses. Tony appears to have:
a. paranoid schizophrenia.
b. disorganized schizophrenia.
c. catatonic schizophrenia.
d. conversion schizophrenia.
Answer : A
78
What is the defining trait of paranoid personality disorder?
a. suspiciousness
b. self-control
c. thought disorders
d. delusions of grandeur
Answer :A
79
Personality disorders are temporary patterns of maladaptive behaviour that are sources of distress to the individual or others.
True or false.
False
80
............. disorders are characterized by inflexible, maladaptive traits that impair personal or social functioning.
Personality
81
Which of the following represents the core traits in the five-factor trait theory?
(a) flexibility, competency, mood, internal integrity, sociability
(b) extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness
(c) thinking, feeling, judging, sensing, perceiving
(d) creativity, adaptability, irritability, compatibility, congeniality.
Answer :B
82
_____ is characterized by oddities of thought and behavior but not involving bizarre psychotic behaviors.
a. Antisocial personality disorder.
b. Paranoid personality disorder.
c. Paranoid schizophrenia.
d. Schizotypal personality disorder.
Answer : B
83
Shane was convicted of five separate counts of murder. He confessed to killing the girls and showed no remorse for his actions. He even boasted that when he got out of prison, he would hunt down and kill the witnesses who had testified against him at his trial. In this case, Shane displays symptoms that are associated with:
a. paranoid personality disorder
b. dependent personality disorder
c. antisocial personality disorder
d. histrionic personality disorder
Answer : C
84
A young woman has just been taken to the emergency room after slashing her arms. In the past, she has been in-and-out of drug rehab several times. She has trouble controlling her temper, and has a history of unstable interpersonal relationships. She displays symptoms associated with a(n):
a. narcissistic personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. borderline personality disorder
d. paranoid personality disorder
Answer : C
85
A man is very lonely but is afraid to join groups, seek company, or accept the company of others. This behaviour suggests a(n) _____ personality disorder.
(a) antisocial
(b) schizoid
(c) avoidant
(d) paranoid
Answer : C
86
```
Which of the following matches the definition: response to severe emotion stress resulting in involuntary disturbance of physical functions?
A. Conversion disorder
B. Depressive reaction
C. Bipolar disorder
D. Alzheimer’s disease
```
Answer :A
87
```
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a panic disorder?
A. Nausea
B. Excessive perspiration
C. Urination
D. Chest pain
```
Answer : C
88
```
Which of the following categories would a 20 year old adult be placed in?
A. Intimacy vs. Isolation
B. Generativitiy vs. Stagnation
C. Integrity vs. Despair
D. Longevity vs. Guilt
```
Answer : A
89
```
17. Which of the following categories would a 70 year old adult be placed in?
A. Intimacy vs. Isolation
B. Generativitiy vs. Stagnation
C. Integrity vs. Despair
D. Longevity vs. Guilt
```
Answer : C
90
__________ is the mood disorder in which a person alternates between depression and the euphoria of a manic state
Bipolar
91
The __________ is a personality disorder in which the person is aggressive, ruthless, and shows no sign of a conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.
Antisocial personality disorder
92
__________ is an anxiety disorder in which the person experiences uncontrollable and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions)
OCD
93
A __________ is an episode of intense dread accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, or choking. It is essentially an escalation of the anxiety associated with generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
94
__________ is a psychological disorder characterized by one or more of three symptoms : extreme inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.
ADHD
95
Sarah's thinking is odd. She uses words in strange ways and seems to be mesmerized by fantasies. Her personality disorder is most likely:
a. schizotypal.
b. antisocial.
c. paranoid.
d. avoidant.
Answer : A
96
Devin is a thirty-year old man who is seemingly polite and often charming but believes that he is superior to everyone he knows. He hurts people (usually strangers) and steals things just for the thrill of getting away with it. Never does he feel remorseful about his actions and hasn't even as a young man when he discovered the pleasure of torturing animals
What type of personality disorder does he has? .
antisocial personality disorder
97
Which of the following is common among those with antisocial personality disorder?
a. A spoiled childhood in which no demands or expectations were given
b. A conflict-filled childhood
c. High central nervous system arousal levels
d. Lack of any biological basis for the disorder.
Answer :B
98
A physician is attempting to diagnose a patient’s mental disorder based on a set of symptoms. The confirmed symptoms currently include appetite disturbance, substantial weight change, decreased energy, a feeling of worthlessness, and excessive guilt.
What two disorders could these symptoms indicate?
A. Major depressive and bipolar disorders
B. Dissociative amnesia and depersonalization/derealization disorder
C. Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
D. Specific phobia and panic disorder
Ans : A
99
define behavioural science
branch of science that primarily deals with human actions
100
how many domains of behavioral science are there?
4(biological,psychhology,spiritual,social)
101
treatment for homeopathy
homeopathic solution processed through homeopathic dilutions
102
define ethics
rightness or wrongness in doing things and is related to law and etiquette
103
what are the 8 branches of medicine history
```
Indian;
Chinese;
Greek;
Jewish;
Christian;
Muslim;
Malay;
Homeopathy.
```
104
whats the philosophy behind indian ayurvedic medicine
Ancient India (originated 3,000-5,000 years ago); Sushruta & Charaka.
105
4 humours in indian yunani medicine
Four humours: Phlegm (balgham), blood (dam), yellow bile (safrā’), black bile (saudā’)
106
treatment for jewish medicine
Prayers, rest, cleanliness, prophylaxis.
107
main philosophy behind islamic medicine
The Qur’an, the Hadith (words, behaviour, attitude) of the Prophet Muhammad, the Messenger of God, blessings of Allah and peace be upon him.
108
philosophy of christian medicine
the Bible and the teachings of Jesus the Messenger of God, the “healer and holistic teacher”.
109
Torah and Talmud refer to _______ medicine
jewish
110
Hippocratic Oath refers to _______ medicine
greek
111
yin and yang refer to ________ medicine
chinese
112
State the 4 domains of the holistic approach to life
Biological, spiritual, social, and spiritual
113
Levels of the spiritual heart in Islam:
1) _______ is the “changing heart” that flips, turns
and changes
2) _______ is the “burning heart” that kindles and
motivates
3) _______ is the “discerning heart”, that discerns
and differentiates
Levels of the spiritual heart in Islam:
1) Al-Qalb
2) Al-Fu'ad
3) Al-Lub
114
How does culture affect cognition?
- Different cultures give rise to different collective,
culturally shared ways of constructing, defining, and
extracting meaning from situations.
- Similar situations may therefore carry different
meaning in different cultures.
115
State the Social Cognitive Theory
portions of an individual’s knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the
context of social interactions, experiences, and
outside media influences.
116
Define and describe the spiritual heart is Islam
- it is the receptacle of faith, and receives guidance from God
- it is related to the brain's cognitive and emotive functions
- discerns fact from fallacy and makes the final decision
117
Define and describe the mind in Islam
- the faculty of knowing and thinking, and it receives guidance from God
- it is related to the brain's cognitive and emotive functions
- the processor of thoughts and ideas, differentiating the truth from falsehood
118
Define cognition (knowing)
- the act or process of knowing; perception
| - knowledge
119
Define psychology
- the study of the mind and behaviour
| - the way a person or group thinks
