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Kavin Rajendran > Behavioral Science > Flashcards

Behavioral Science Flashcards

1
Q

Define emotion

A

▪︎ Complex sequence of reactions to a stimulus

▪︎ accompanied by physiological arousal and characteristic behaviour

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2
Q

What is aggression?

A

▪︎ feeling of anger resulting in hostile or violent behaviour

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3
Q

3 components in the physiology of emotion?

A
  1. Physiological (how body reacts)
  2. Behavioural (action in response)
  3. Cognitive (how you react mentally)
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4
Q

James- Lange Theory is about?

Give example

A

▪︎ experience emotions only after physiological arousal has occurred
( stimulus > physiological arousal > emotion)
▪︎eg: someone taps your back > you turn > your surprised
*any related eg can

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5
Q

Canon-Bard Theory says?

Give example

A

▪︎ Physiological arousal and emotion occurs simultaneously, yet independently
(Stimulus > Physiological arousal + emotion)
Eg: You see dinosaur > you start sweating + you fear
* any related eg can

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6
Q

What do you know about Cognitive Theory ?

Give example

A

youdidntdoyourhomework

▪︎Interpretation of stimuli from environment
▪︎Interpretation of stimuli from body resulting from autonomic arousal and actions of body

( stimulus > cognition > Physiological arousal + emotion)

▪︎ eg: you see Maths teacher > brain interprets > heartbeat increase + excitement
*any related eg can

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7
Q

Inability to manage emotion leads to?

A

Stressssss -affect mental & physical health

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8
Q

Define emotional intelligence

A

▪︎ Ability to recognise meanings of emotion & their relationships & to use emotion effectively in reasoning and problem solving

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9
Q

Emotional Intelligence depends on 3 Components what are they?

A

Reduces conflicts and frustration

  1. Perceiving information
  2. Understanding and reasoning about emotion
  3. Managing emotion
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10
Q

What do you know about Freud’s Instinct theory ?

Clue: aggression

A

▪︎ release of inborn agressive instinct

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11
Q

Frustration-agression theory states?

A

Agression is a natural reaction to the frustration of important motives

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12
Q

What does the Social Learning Theory say abt aggression

A

It says aggression is not inborn but a learnt behavior

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13
Q

What leads to aggression?

A

Anger

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14
Q

How to reduce violence?

A

▪︎Freud says Catharsis (process of releasing instinctual energy)
▪︎ Frustration Aggression Theory says avoid/ reduce Frustration and adverse affects

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15
Q

What is nervous system divided into?

A

CNS and PNS

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16
Q

Define Cognition.

A

The intellectual processes (such as perception, memory, thinking & language) through which info is obtained, transformed, store, retrieved & used

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17
Q

What is the basic unit of of thinking?

A

Concepts

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18
Q

What is the function of Afferent neurons?

A

To transmit messages from sense organs to CNS

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19
Q

What is the function of Somatic nervous system?

A

The part of PNS that carries messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from CNS to the skeletal muscles.

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20
Q

What is ganglia?

A

Clusters of cell bodies of neurons outside the CNS

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21
Q

What is the three major part of the brain?

A

Hindbrain, forebrain, midbrain

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22
Q

What is the function of Parietal lobe?

A

Has a role in sense of touch and other body senses

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23
Q

Which part of Forebrain does cingulate cortex work with to process cognitive information about emotion?

A

Hippocampus

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of concept? Briefly define and give an example for each.

A

Simple concepts: study of elemtary cognitive processes based on a single common feature.
-Eg: Evaluation of colour perception
Complex concepts: Deals with all mental processes.
-Eg: Problem solving, critical thinking

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25
Q

Define Concept formation.

A

The process of classifying info into meaningful categories.

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26
Q

Give the 4 steps of learning a new concept (concept formation).

A
  • Observation
  • Generalisation
  • Discrimination/ differences
  • Abstraction
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27
Q

What are the 3 basic processes of Cognition?

A
  • Perception
  • Attention
  • Memory
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28
Q

What are the 3 steps in solving a problem?

A

Step 1: Formulating the problem
Step 2: Understanding and organising the elements of the problem
Step 3: Generating & evaluating alternative solutions

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29
Q

State the 2 types of cognitive strategies to solve problems.

A

Algorithm & Heuristic method

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30
Q

State the meaning of

  • Nature
  • Nurture
A

Nature is biological causes for behaviour

Nurture is environmental causes for behaviour

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31
Q

What is the gender and appearance of dizygotic twins?

A

May or may not have same gender and unidentical appearance

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32
Q

State what is “Patterns of behaviour, beliefs, and values shared by a group of people.

A

Culture

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33
Q

Does nature and nurture work together?

A

yes

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34
Q

Explain the algorithm method.

A

Algorithm: systematic patterns of reasoning that guarantee finding a correct solution.
(key words: systematic, step by step problem solving, guaranteed)

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35
Q

Explain the Heuristic method.

A

Heuristic: Ways of thinking based on strategies that increase the probability of finding a correct answer but doesn’t guarantee it.
(keywords: general strategies, quick shortcut solutions & errors, unguaranteed)

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36
Q

Define convergent thinking.

A

Thinking that is logical, conventional, & focuses on problems.
(keywords: logical, factual, conventional, accuracy, & speed)

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37
Q

Define divergent thinking.

A

Thinking that is loosely organised, only partially directed, & unconventional.
(keywords: Fluency, loosely organised, originality, elaboratitive)

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37
Q

Define divergent thinking.

A

Thinking that is loosely organised, only partially directed, & unconventional.
(keywords: Fluency, loosely organised, originality, elaboratitive)

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38
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Area of frontal lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere that plays a role in speaking language.

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39
Q

Which lobe is involved in hearing and understanding language?

A

Temporal lobe

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40
Q

What is the largest part of the forebrain and what is its function?

A

Cerebral cortex and it functions to control conscious experience and intelligence and involved in somatic nervous system

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41
Q

State two conditions that occur in Parasympathetic nervous sytem

A

Constrict Pupil
Slow heartbeart

(Stimulate digestion, Contracts bladder, Stimulate saliva)

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42
Q

List the 4 steps in the creative thinking process.

A
  • Preparation
  • Incubation
  • Illumination
  • Verification
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43
Q

Give an example of creative thinking in the healthcare profession.

A

Examples:

Chemotherapy, defibrillator, cardiac pacemaker, laparascopic surgery, & many more.

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44
Q

Basic trust vs mistrust

Identity vs role confusion

Integrity vs despair

Who’s theory has mentioned these stages and well explained?

A

Erik erikson’s

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45
Q

Jean Piaget’s theory is about what development?

Has 4 stages in under this theory; what are the stages?

A

Coginitive

(Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational )stage

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46
Q

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development states that…………………………..?

What are the levels involve in and with its stages?

A

We progress through three levels of moral thinking that build on our cognitive development.

Preconventional, conventional , postconventional

-obedience and - good boy, good girl orientation - social contract orie
Punishment orientation. -law and order orientation - universal ethical
- instrumental orientation. Principle orient

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47
Q

Define human psychological development?

A

The development of human beings’ cognitive , emotional , intellectual,social capabilities, and functioning over the course of life span , from infancy to old age.

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48
Q

Sigmund Freud.

Stages?

A 
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
49
Q

Freud’s theory states that?

A

Behaviour and development of a person are influenced by interaction between conscious and unconscious aspects of that person’s mind

50
Q

What Freud has explained about
ID
SUPER-EGO
EGO

A
  • primitive and instinctual part of mind containing sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories.
  • operates as moral conscience
  • realistic part that mediates between desire of ID and super-ego.
51
Q

Jeans piaget’s theory focusing on?

A
  • on understanding how children acquire knowledges

- on understanding the nature of intelligence

52
Q

Define parenting.

A

Process of raising children and providing them with protection and care in order to ensure their healthy development into childhood.

53
Q

There are 3 types of parenting styles.

What are the three styles.

A

Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive

54
Q

define -motivation :
motives :
primary motives :

A

motivation : internal conditions that activates and gives direction to take action
motives : psychological and physiological changes that influence our behavior
primary motives : for survival based on biological needs (hunger,thirst)

55
Q

incentives is EXTERNAL CUE that activate motives.

True or False ?

A

truee for example sight of glass makes you thirsty even when you not

56
Q

Food intake is controlled by feeding system and satiety system (fullness). Which part of brain is responsible for this ?

A

feeding system - LATERAL hypothalamus, if remove cause starve till death
satiety system - VENTROMEDIAL hypothalamus, if remove cause hyperphagia (desire to eat more, lots)

57
Q

List biological and physiological factors for eating.

A

Biological - stomach contraction, blood sugar level, body fats level
Physiological - maturation, culture, emotion

58
Q

What is thirst and the cues ?

A

basic instinct /urge that drives to drink water,

cues- cell fluid level, total body volume, mouth dryness

59
Q

What is arousal theory ?

A

It is drive reduction theory, action to maintain optimum amount of stimulation/ arousal

60
Q

Intrinsic and extrinsic comparison ?

A

Intrinsic - personal satisfaction, internal rewards

Extrinsic -external factors(money,tips), external rewards

61
Q

Motives that organised by hierarchy is referred to which theory ?

A 
Maslow's hierachy of needs :
basic needs(food,safety) > physiological needs(sense of belonging,friendship) >self actualization(achievement)
62
Q

Solomon’s opponent theory stated that emotions work in pair of opposite . Example ?

A

fear-relief

sad-happy

63
Q

What is health behavior ?

A

motivation that ensure yourself to maintain good health, motivated person have good discipline (healthy diet, exercise)

64
Q

Shane was convicted of five separate counts of murder. He confessed to killing the girls and showed no remorse for his actions. He even boasted that when he got out of prison, he would hunt down and kill the witnesses who had testified against him at his trial. In this case, Shane displays symptoms that are associated with:

a. paranoid personality disorder
b. dependent personality disorder
c. antisocial personality disorder
d. histrionic personality disorder

A

Answer : C

65
Q

A young woman has just been taken to the emergency room after slashing her arms. In the past, she has been in-and-out of drug rehab several times. She has trouble controlling her temper, and has a history of unstable interpersonal relationships. She displays symptoms associated with a(n):

a. narcissistic personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. borderline personality disorder
d. paranoid personality disorder

A

Answer : C

66
Q

Many health professionals believe personality disorders are unique because they are

A. less ingrained within the person.

B. linked more closely to personality.

C. less inflexible than other disorders.

D. more responsive to treatment.

A

Answer : D

67
Q

Individuals with borderline personality disorder tend to have a poor self-image, an inability to regulate emotions, and unstable patterns of social relationships.

Is the statement true or false?

A

True

68
Q

Individuals who have _____ disorder have problems of emotional regulation, a poor sense of self, and unstable social relationships.

A

Borderline personality disorder

68
Q

Individuals who have _____ disorder have problems of emotional regulation, a poor sense of self, and unstable social relationships.

A

Borderline personality disorder

69
Q

The dependent personality and the antisocial personality are each defined by specific collections of traits that

a. are not adaptive.
b. increase the person’s risk of having a heart attack.
c. include being introverted, cautious, and agreeable.
d. include being sociable, nurturing, and

A

Answer : C

70
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by auditory hallucinations and _____.

(a) delusions of grandeur and persecution
(b) severe depression
(c) silliness and bizarre behavior
(d) mutism.

A

Answer : A

70
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by auditory hallucinations and _____.

(a) delusions of grandeur and persecution
(b) severe depression
(c) silliness and bizarre behavior
(d) mutism.

A

Answer : A

71
Q

Each night as Leo gets in bed, he has these intrusive, unwanted thoughts that he left the stove on or the door unlocked. So, he gets up and checks, but once back in bed, he thinks that he might have accidentally turned on the stove or unlocked the door while he was checking them and goes back to the kitchen again. Leo is suffering from a condition known as _____ disorder.

a. obsessive-compulsive
b. somatization
c. generalized anxiety
d. paranoid delusional

A

Answer : c

72
Q

Which of the following personality disorders describes a person who displays social isolation, extremely odd behavior, and disturbed thought patterns, but who is not actively psychotic?

a. dependent
b. schizotypal
c. narcissistic
d. schizoid

A

Answer :B

73
Q

Which of the following persons would most likely be diagnosed with an avoidant personality disorder?

a. Adam is a perfectionist who follows a rigid routine and prefers to be in control at all times.
b. Tommy is deeply mistrustful and suspicious of other’s motives.
c. Darden is charming but is irresponsible and lacks guilt or remorse.
d. Walter is timid and uncomfortable in social situations and fears evaluation.

A

Answer : D

74
Q

Edgar constantly seeks attention from everyone, including strangers, by dramatizing his every emotion and action. Edgar would be described as having which type of personality disorder?

a. dependent
b. histrionic
c. obsessive-compulsive
d. schizoid

A

Answer :B

75
Q

Abby suffers from extremely low self-confidence and always places everyone else’s needs ahead of her own. Abby’s behaviour fits the description of which type of personality disorder?

a. paranoid
b. histrionic
c. schizotypal
d. dependent

A

Answer : D

76
Q

People with antisocial personality disorder shows no signs of remorse. True or false?

A

True

77
Q

Tony truly believes that the FBI and the CIA have implanted listening devices into his eyeglasses. Tony appears to have:

a. paranoid schizophrenia.
b. disorganized schizophrenia.
c. catatonic schizophrenia.
d. conversion schizophrenia.

A

Answer : A

78
Q

What is the defining trait of paranoid personality disorder?

a. suspiciousness
b. self-control
c. thought disorders
d. delusions of grandeur

A

Answer :A

79
Q

Personality disorders are temporary patterns of maladaptive behaviour that are sources of distress to the individual or others.
True or false.

A

False

80
Q

…………. disorders are characterized by inflexible, maladaptive traits that impair personal or social functioning.

A

Personality

81
Q

Which of the following represents the core traits in the five-factor trait theory?

(a) flexibility, competency, mood, internal integrity, sociability
(b) extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness
(c) thinking, feeling, judging, sensing, perceiving
(d) creativity, adaptability, irritability, compatibility, congeniality.

A

Answer :B

82
Q

_____ is characterized by oddities of thought and behavior but not involving bizarre psychotic behaviors.

a. Antisocial personality disorder.
b. Paranoid personality disorder.
c. Paranoid schizophrenia.
d. Schizotypal personality disorder.

A

Answer : B

83
Q

Shane was convicted of five separate counts of murder. He confessed to killing the girls and showed no remorse for his actions. He even boasted that when he got out of prison, he would hunt down and kill the witnesses who had testified against him at his trial. In this case, Shane displays symptoms that are associated with:

a. paranoid personality disorder
b. dependent personality disorder
c. antisocial personality disorder
d. histrionic personality disorder

A

Answer : C

84
Q

A young woman has just been taken to the emergency room after slashing her arms. In the past, she has been in-and-out of drug rehab several times. She has trouble controlling her temper, and has a history of unstable interpersonal relationships. She displays symptoms associated with a(n):

a. narcissistic personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. borderline personality disorder
d. paranoid personality disorder

A

Answer : C

85
Q

A man is very lonely but is afraid to join groups, seek company, or accept the company of others. This behaviour suggests a(n) _____ personality disorder.

(a) antisocial
(b) schizoid
(c) avoidant
(d) paranoid

A

Answer : C

86
Q 
Which of the following matches the definition: response to severe emotion stress resulting in involuntary disturbance of physical functions?
A. Conversion disorder 
B. Depressive reaction 
C. Bipolar disorder 
D. Alzheimer’s disease
A

Answer :A

87
Q 
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a panic disorder?
A. Nausea 
B. Excessive perspiration 
C. Urination 
D. Chest pain
A

Answer : C

88
Q 
Which of the following categories would a 20 year old adult be placed in?
A. Intimacy vs. Isolation 
B. Generativitiy vs. Stagnation 
C. Integrity vs. Despair 
D. Longevity vs. Guilt
A

Answer : A

89
Q 
17. Which of the following categories would a 70 year old adult be placed in?
A. Intimacy vs. Isolation 
B. Generativitiy vs. Stagnation 
C. Integrity vs. Despair 
D. Longevity vs. Guilt
A

Answer : C

90
Q

__________ is the mood disorder in which a person alternates between depression and the euphoria of a manic state

A

Bipolar

91
Q

The __________ is a personality disorder in which the person is aggressive, ruthless, and shows no sign of a conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.

A

Antisocial personality disorder

92
Q

__________ is an anxiety disorder in which the person experiences uncontrollable and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions)

A

OCD

93
Q

A __________ is an episode of intense dread accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, or choking. It is essentially an escalation of the anxiety associated with generalized anxiety disorder

A

Panic disorder

94
Q

__________ is a psychological disorder characterized by one or more of three symptoms : extreme inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.

A

ADHD

95
Q

Sarah’s thinking is odd. She uses words in strange ways and seems to be mesmerized by fantasies. Her personality disorder is most likely:

a. schizotypal.
b. antisocial.
c. paranoid.
d. avoidant.

A

Answer : A

96
Q

Devin is a thirty-year old man who is seemingly polite and often charming but believes that he is superior to everyone he knows. He hurts people (usually strangers) and steals things just for the thrill of getting away with it. Never does he feel remorseful about his actions and hasn’t even as a young man when he discovered the pleasure of torturing animals
What type of personality disorder does he has? .

A

antisocial personality disorder

97
Q

Which of the following is common among those with antisocial personality disorder?

a. A spoiled childhood in which no demands or expectations were given
b. A conflict-filled childhood
c. High central nervous system arousal levels
d. Lack of any biological basis for the disorder.

A

Answer :B

98
Q

A physician is attempting to diagnose a patient’s mental disorder based on a set of symptoms. The confirmed symptoms currently include appetite disturbance, substantial weight change, decreased energy, a feeling of worthlessness, and excessive guilt.

What two disorders could these symptoms indicate?

A. Major depressive and bipolar disorders

B. Dissociative amnesia and depersonalization/derealization disorder

C. Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease

D. Specific phobia and panic disorder

A

Ans : A

99
Q

define behavioural science

A

branch of science that primarily deals with human actions

100
Q

how many domains of behavioral science are there?

A

4(biological,psychhology,spiritual,social)

101
Q

treatment for homeopathy

A

homeopathic solution processed through homeopathic dilutions

102
Q

define ethics

A

rightness or wrongness in doing things and is related to law and etiquette

103
Q

what are the 8 branches of medicine history

A 
Indian; ​
Chinese; ​
Greek;​
Jewish; ​
Christian; ​
Muslim; ​
Malay; ​
Homeopathy.​
104
Q

whats the philosophy behind indian ayurvedic medicine

A

Ancient India (originated 3,000-5,000 years ago); Sushruta & Charaka.​

105
Q

4 humours in indian yunani medicine

A

Four humours: Phlegm (balgham), blood (dam), yellow bile (safrā’), black bile (saudā’)

106
Q

treatment for jewish medicine

A

Prayers, rest, cleanliness, prophylaxis.

107
Q

main philosophy behind islamic medicine

A

The Qur’an, the Hadith (words, behaviour, attitude) of the Prophet Muhammad, the Messenger of God, blessings of Allah and peace be upon him.

108
Q

philosophy of christian medicine

A

the Bible and the teachings of Jesus the Messenger of God, the “healer and holistic teacher”.

109
Q

Torah and Talmud refer to _______ medicine

A

jewish

110
Q

Hippocratic Oath refers to _______ medicine

A

greek

111
Q

yin and yang refer to ________ medicine

A

chinese

112
Q

State the 4 domains of the holistic approach to life

A

Biological, spiritual, social, and spiritual

113
Q

Levels of the spiritual heart in Islam:

1) _______ is the “changing heart” that flips, turns
and changes
2) _______ is the “burning heart” that kindles and
motivates
3) _______ is the “discerning heart”, that discerns
and differentiates

A

Levels of the spiritual heart in Islam:

1) Al-Qalb
2) Al-Fu’ad
3) Al-Lub

114
Q

How does culture affect cognition?

A
  • Different cultures give rise to different collective,
    culturally shared ways of constructing, defining, and
    extracting meaning from situations.
  • Similar situations may therefore carry different
    meaning in different cultures.
115
Q

State the Social Cognitive Theory

A

portions of an individual’s knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the
context of social interactions, experiences, and
outside media influences.

116
Q

Define and describe the spiritual heart is Islam

A
  • it is the receptacle of faith, and receives guidance from God
  • it is related to the brain’s cognitive and emotive functions
  • discerns fact from fallacy and makes the final decision
117
Q

Define and describe the mind in Islam

A
  • the faculty of knowing and thinking, and it receives guidance from God
  • it is related to the brain’s cognitive and emotive functions
  • the processor of thoughts and ideas, differentiating the truth from falsehood
118
Q

Define cognition (knowing)

A
  • the act or process of knowing; perception

- knowledge

119
Q

Define psychology

A
  • the study of the mind and behaviour

- the way a person or group thinks

Kavin Rajendran (12 decks)

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