Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
What Factor determine how metabolites regulated
Energy Needs/Nutritional Status
How does the body sense the dietary needs and energy state
Alpha and Beta Cells in the pancreas
In a fasting (hypoglycemic) state the body responds by stimulating
alpha pancreatic cells to release glucagon
True or false, Glucagon works with insulin
False, it opposes it
Why is Glucagon referred to as the Hyperglycemic Hormone
increase the blood glucose concentration
What is the name of the substance used as a precursor in the formation of leukotrienes, postacyclins, prostoglandins and thrombaxanes
Arachiodonic acid
Where is the majority of trigylceride synthesis take place
small intestines
What enzymes are used in the breakdown of trigylcerides
Lipases from pancreas
Where does less than 10% of tryglicerides synthesize
stomach by linguinal lipase
What is the first step of of fat digestion
Emulsification, (Physical Breakdown)
What are the two ways in which emulsification occurs
Bile acids
Peristalsis of the GI tract
Where does most of the emulsification occur
duodenum
What does bile contain
Bile salts and Lecithin (phospholipds)
What is an inidicator of cholestatic liver disease
Increase in fecal fat (stenorrhea)
What is the function of Co-lipase
Anchors lipase to the lipid water surface
Forms 1:1 bond with lipase and protects the enzyme from denaturation
Lipases attacks the fatty acid in postion 3 and produces
1,2 diacyglycerol
Na+/K+ salt
Lipases attack the fatty acid in position 1 and produces
2-acylglycerol
What is the purpose of the Na+/K+ salts
Buffering the GI tract
Act synergesticaly with Bile acids to emulsify fats
What is the aetiology of GI tract ulcerations
pH changes
True or False, the end products of lipid degenerative products are insoluble
true
What is used and where is it produced in the removing of end products after lipid digestion
Micelles from bile salts
How many molecules of bile salts make up micelles
20-40
Each bile salt is made up of what two components
Sterol nucleus- Highly Fat Molecule
Polar group- Highly water soluble
What are the micelles with the end products converted to as they transported
Cholymicra
How is the cholymicra delivered into the circulation
Lymphatic System
Approximately ______ after a fatty meal, the chylomicron concentration in the plasma rises ______ of the total plasma
1 hour, 1-2% of the total plasma
What is the half life of chylomicrons
1 hour
What is the main way in which chylomicrons are removed from the circulating blood
As they pass through the capillaries of adipose tissues or the liver
What enzyme is secreted by the adipose tissue and the liver
Lipoprotein Lipase
Where is the Lipoprotein lipase active?
Capillary Endothelium
Lipoprotein lipase is hydrolyzes the triglycerides of chylomicrons as they come into contact with the _______, Therefore releasing ________ and _______.
endothelial wall, fatty acids and glycerol
VLDL is synthesized and secreted by _____
liver
Where does the VLDL to and with what substance
skeletal and adipose tissue, dietary chylomicron
The free fatty acids are picked up by the tissues and undergo
beta oxidation
Glycerol returns to ______ and is converted to _____
liver, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (glycolytic intermediate)
What are the name of the lipases that are dependent on the endocrine axis
Hormone- Sensitive Lipases
The FFA enters circulation and are picked up by
Albumin (serum protein)
True or False, Analbuminemia is often asymptomatic
True
What is the only time Analbuminemia is symptomatic
Pathological process
