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Cell Biology (1201) > Lipid Metabolism > Flashcards

Lipid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What Factor determine how metabolites regulated

A

Energy Needs/Nutritional Status

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2
Q

How does the body sense the dietary needs and energy state

A

Alpha and Beta Cells in the pancreas

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3
Q

In a fasting (hypoglycemic) state the body responds by stimulating

A

alpha pancreatic cells to release glucagon

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4
Q

True or false, Glucagon works with insulin

A

False, it opposes it

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5
Q

Why is Glucagon referred to as the Hyperglycemic Hormone

A

increase the blood glucose concentration

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6
Q

What is the name of the substance used as a precursor in the formation of leukotrienes, postacyclins, prostoglandins and thrombaxanes

A

Arachiodonic acid

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7
Q

Where is the majority of trigylceride synthesis take place

A

small intestines

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8
Q

What enzymes are used in the breakdown of trigylcerides

A

Lipases from pancreas

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9
Q

Where does less than 10% of tryglicerides synthesize

A

stomach by linguinal lipase

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10
Q

What is the first step of of fat digestion

A

Emulsification, (Physical Breakdown)

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11
Q

What are the two ways in which emulsification occurs

A

Bile acids

Peristalsis of the GI tract

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12
Q

Where does most of the emulsification occur

A

duodenum

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13
Q

What does bile contain

A

Bile salts and Lecithin (phospholipds)

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14
Q

What is an inidicator of cholestatic liver disease

A

Increase in fecal fat (stenorrhea)

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15
Q

What is the function of Co-lipase

A

Anchors lipase to the lipid water surface

Forms 1:1 bond with lipase and protects the enzyme from denaturation

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16
Q

Lipases attacks the fatty acid in postion 3 and produces

A

1,2 diacyglycerol

Na+/K+ salt

17
Q

Lipases attack the fatty acid in position 1 and produces

A

2-acylglycerol

18
Q

What is the purpose of the Na+/K+ salts

A

Buffering the GI tract

Act synergesticaly with Bile acids to emulsify fats

19
Q

What is the aetiology of GI tract ulcerations

A

pH changes

20
Q

True or False, the end products of lipid degenerative products are insoluble

A

true

21
Q

What is used and where is it produced in the removing of end products after lipid digestion

A

Micelles from bile salts

22
Q

How many molecules of bile salts make up micelles

A

20-40

23
Q

Each bile salt is made up of what two components

A

Sterol nucleus- Highly Fat Molecule

Polar group- Highly water soluble

24
Q

What are the micelles with the end products converted to as they transported

A

Cholymicra

25
Q

How is the cholymicra delivered into the circulation

A

Lymphatic System

26
Q

Approximately ______ after a fatty meal, the chylomicron concentration in the plasma rises ______ of the total plasma

A

1 hour, 1-2% of the total plasma

27
Q

What is the half life of chylomicrons

A

1 hour

28
Q

What is the main way in which chylomicrons are removed from the circulating blood

A

As they pass through the capillaries of adipose tissues or the liver

29
Q

What enzyme is secreted by the adipose tissue and the liver

A

Lipoprotein Lipase

30
Q

Where is the Lipoprotein lipase active?

A

Capillary Endothelium

31
Q

Lipoprotein lipase is hydrolyzes the triglycerides of chylomicrons as they come into contact with the _______, Therefore releasing ________ and _______.

A

endothelial wall, fatty acids and glycerol

32
Q

VLDL is synthesized and secreted by _____

A

liver

33
Q

Where does the VLDL to and with what substance

A

skeletal and adipose tissue, dietary chylomicron

34
Q

The free fatty acids are picked up by the tissues and undergo

A

beta oxidation

35
Q

Glycerol returns to ______ and is converted to _____

A

liver, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (glycolytic intermediate)

36
Q

What are the name of the lipases that are dependent on the endocrine axis

A

Hormone- Sensitive Lipases

37
Q

The FFA enters circulation and are picked up by

A

Albumin (serum protein)

38
Q

True or False, Analbuminemia is often asymptomatic

A

True

39
Q

What is the only time Analbuminemia is symptomatic

A

Pathological process

Cell Biology (1201) (5 decks)

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