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Cell Biology (1201) > Enzymes in Medicine > Flashcards

Enzymes in Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

What structure forms the active site which substrates bound to

A

Teritiary

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2
Q

Term given to different forms of the same enzyme which catalyses the same enzyme

A

Isoenzyme

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3
Q

Which structures in enzymes may be slightly different in isoenzymes

A

Primary and quaternary structure

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4
Q

What type of enzyme is regulated by the binding of an effector which can either inhibit or promote enzyme activity

A

Allosteric Enzyme

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5
Q

What class of enzymes removes electrons from one compound and donates it to another

A

Oxidoreductases

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6
Q

List examples of oxidoreductase

A

Dehydrogenases
Oxygenases
Peroxidases

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7
Q

What is the name of Class 1 enzymes

A

Oxidoreductases

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8
Q

What is the name of Class 2 enzymes

A

Transferases

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9
Q

What type of enzyme moves chemical groups between molecules

A

Transferases

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10
Q

True or False, Transferases have 1 substrate that produces 1 product

A

False, Two substrates that produces Two Products

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11
Q

List examples of transferases

A

Kinases
Aminotransferases
Phosphomutases

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12
Q

What is the name Class 3 enzymes

A

Hydrolases

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13
Q

What class of enzymes are responsible for hydrolysis reactions

A

Hydrolases

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14
Q

List examples of Hydrolases

A

Esterases
Peptidases
Ribonucleases

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15
Q

What is the name Class 4 enzymes

A

Lyases

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16
Q

What class of enzymes participates in C-C cleavage or C-N cleavage or formation

A

Lyases

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17
Q

Lyases are involves in the production of which two hormones

A

Dopamine, Seratonin

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18
Q

Give examples of Lyases

A

Decarboxylase
Synthases
Aldolases

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19
Q

What is the name of Class 5 enzymes.

A

Isomerases

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20
Q

What type of enzyme contributes to moving a group or double bond within a molecule

A

Isomerases

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21
Q

True or False, Isomerases do not contribute to stereochemistry

A

False. Isomerases may change stereochemistry

22
Q

Give examples of Isomerases

A

Racemases, mutases, epimerases

23
Q

What is the name of Class 6 enzymes

A

Ligases

24
Q

What type of enzymes require energy to create C-C bonds

A

Ligases

25
Q

Give examples of Ligases

A

Synthetases

Carboxylases

26
Q

What keeps the products of fatty acid synthesis from being broken down from Beta oxidation enzymes

A

Each enzymes are based in different locations

27
Q

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur

A

Cytosol

28
Q

Where does Beta oxidation occur

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

Which enzyme is used in diagnosing HIV, Zika and Pernicious Anaemia (intrinsic factor deficiency)

A

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

30
Q

What enzyme is used in diagnosing STI’s, ChikV, and cystic fibrosis

A

PCR

31
Q

What enzyme can be used to diagnose if infectious epidemics has a clonal source

A

RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)

32
Q

What enzyme can be used to suggest geographical origin of bacteria

A

RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)

33
Q

Which bodily organ makes enzymes, insulin and glycogen

A

Pancreas

34
Q

What do elevated levels of amylase & lipase in the blood suggest

A

Acute Pancreatitis

35
Q

Where can CPK-1 be found

A

Brain and lungs

36
Q

Where can CPK-2 be found

A

heart

37
Q

Where can CPK-3 be found

A

Skeletal muscle

38
Q

What does CPK stand for

A

Creatine Phosphokinase

39
Q

If CPK-3 is leaked in the blood, what could be the possible diagnosis

A

Crush Injury
Muscle Atrophy
Inflammation

40
Q

If CPK-2 is leaked in the blood, what could be the possible diagnosis

A

Electrical injury
Heart Attack
Inflammation of the heart

41
Q

If CPK-1 is leaked in the blood, what could be the possible diagnosis

A

Stroke
Seizure
Pulmonary Infarction

42
Q

What enzyme is a part of the haem monooxygenases family

A

Cytochrome P450

43
Q

True or False Cytochrome P450 has exogenous and endogenous substrates

A

True

44
Q

True or False, Cytochrome P450 cannot be inhibited

A

False Cytochrome P450 can be inhibited and induced

45
Q

What drug can be used to induce CYP3A4, which is needed in COC metabolism (Unwanted Pregnancies)

A

Rifampicin

46
Q

What substance can inhibit CYP3A4, which is needed for Warfrin metabolism (Excessive Bleeding)

A

Grapefruit Juice

47
Q

What is the group name for Dopamine, Seratonin & Adrenaline

A

Monamine Oxidases

48
Q

What transmitters are involved in emotion, arousal & memory

A

Monamine Neurotransmitters

49
Q

What type of inhibitors is used to treat depression, anxiety, Alzheimers, Parkinsons

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

50
Q

What type of enzyme inhibitors are used to restore muscle response in Myasthenia Gravis

A

Anticholinesterases/ Cholinesterase Inhibitors

51
Q

What drug is used to inhibit xanthine oxidase, the main component used in the formation of uric acid in Gout.

A

Allopurinol

Cell Biology (1201) (5 decks)

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