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biochemistry > lipid metabolism 4 > Flashcards

lipid metabolism 4 Flashcards

1
Q

the cell membrane is a fluid mosaic of

A

lipids and proteins

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2
Q

the protein serve as

A

transporters
enzymes
receptors
mediators

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3
Q

what is function of mediators

A

that allows extracellular compounds such as hormones to exert intracellular effects

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4
Q

which are the major membrane lipids

A

phosphoglycerides
sphingolipids and cholesterol also present

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5
Q

name the lipid that forms the lipid bilayer

A

phospholipids

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6
Q

explain lipid bilayer structure

A

hydrophilic head groups interacting with water on both the extracellular and intracellular surfaces, and their hydrophobic fatty acyl chains in the central portion of the membrane

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7
Q

name the protein that embedded at the periphery

A

peripheral protein

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8
Q

integral protein located at

A

span from one side to other

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9
Q

on which side carbohydrates are attached to protein

A

exterior side of CM they extend into the extracellular space

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10
Q

what are the function of membrane

A

barrier
all functions of proteins

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11
Q

phospholipids are syntesized from

A

phosphatidic acid

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12
Q

name the two mechanism that add head groups to phosphatidic acid

A

head grp activation : phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are produced
phosphatidyl serine is formed by a head group substitution of serine for ethanolamine in phosphatidylethanolamine

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13
Q

phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol ,and cardiolipin are formed by

A

activating phosphatidic acid to CDP-DAG (cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol

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14
Q

phospholipids and sphingolipids are the major components of

A

cell membrane

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15
Q

what are amphipathic molecule

A

one portion is hydrophilic and associates with H2O and another portion contains the hydrocarbon chain derived from FAs which are hydrophobic associated with lipids

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16
Q

phosphoglycerides contain

A

glycerol, fatty acids and phosphate

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17
Q

phospholipase help in degradation of

A

phosphoglycerides

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18
Q

sphingolipids are synthesized from

A

ceramide, produced from serine and palmitoyl-CoA

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19
Q

during degradation lysosomal enzyme removes

A

phosphocholine and sugar units

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20
Q

which FA serve as a major component of lung surfactant in adults, allowing lungs to function properly

A

dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

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21
Q

dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine develops in fetus

A

after week 30 of gestation

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22
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome occur in premature infants due to

A

do not have an adequate amt of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

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23
Q

name the disease that has deficient with following substance
alpha-galactosidase
beta glucosidase
sphingomyelinase
hexosaminidase

A

alpha-galactosidase - fabry’s disease
beta glucosidase - gaucher’s disease
sphingomyelinase-neimann pick
hexosaminidase - tay-sachs disease

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24
Q

peroxisomal disorders includes

A

adrenoleukodystrophy and zellweger syndrome

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25
Q

what is adrenoleukodystrophy

A

x-linked disorder
affects the transport of VLCFA into peroxisomes for initial oxidation

26
Q

adrenoleukodystrophy leads to

A

accumulation of VLCFAs which appear to target the adrenal glands and myelin sheath for destruction

27
Q

children with adrenoleukodystrophy experience

A

cognitive deficiencies, nervous system deterioration, seizures, visual impairment and may develop addison’s disease, a loss of adrenal gland function

28
Q

lack of peroxisomes leads to

A

build up of VLCFAs, an inability to degrade branched FA

29
Q

lack of peroxisome give rise to

A

zellweger syndrome
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
infantile refsum disease

30
Q

give an eg of branched chain FA

A

phytanic acid

31
Q

zellweger syndrome is a peroxisome biogenesis disorder, which is one of the

A

luekodystrophies

32
Q

symptoms of zellweger syndrome

A

enlarged liver, mental retardation, and seizures

33
Q

infants with zellweger syndrome lack

A

appropriate muscle strength and may be unable to move

34
Q

the eicosanoids are synthesised from

A

PUFA

35
Q

give eg for eicosanoids

A

prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes

36
Q

PUFAs are released from membrane lipid by___________ which is inhibited by ___________ and ______________

A

phospholipase A2
glucocorticoids and other steroidal anti-inflammatory agents

37
Q

for prostaglandin synthesis, the PUFA is cyclized and oxidized by a ____________ which is inhibited by _______

A

cyclooxygenase
aspirin and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent

38
Q

which eicosanoids are produced from arachidonic acid by a different pathway

A

leukotrienese

39
Q

prostaglandins has effects on tissues includes

A

inflammation, pain, fever and aspects of reproduction

40
Q

prostaglandins are known as

A

autocoids

41
Q

These prostaglandins are known as autocoids because

A

they exert their effects primarily in the tissue in which they are produced

42
Q

which prostacyclins inhibit platelet aggregation

A

PGI2 produced by vascular endothelial cells

43
Q

what will promote platelet aggregation

A

thromboxanes (TXA2)

44
Q

nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are

A

aspirin and ibuprofen

45
Q

NSAIDs inhibits

A

cyclooxygenase involved in prostaglandin synthesis

46
Q

what are the action of NSAIDs

A

reduce pain, inflammation, and fever associated with the action of the prostaglandins

47
Q

platelet aggregation in conjunction with

A

atherosclerotic plaques, often precipitates heart attacks

48
Q

what are two form of cyclooxygenase

A

COX1 & COX2

49
Q

name the drugs that affect COX1 & COX2

A

aspirin NSAIDs

50
Q

name the specific drug that is reversible inhibitor that only affect COX2

A

celecoxib

51
Q

which FA is the major precursor for the synthesis of the leukotrienes

A

arachidonic acid

52
Q

arachidonic acid derived from

A

membrane phospholipids

53
Q

what is the first step in synthesis of leukotrienes

A

oxygen is added by lipoxygenases and a family of linear molecule

54
Q

what is formed in the synthesis of the leukotrienes

A

hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids
( HPETEs)

55
Q

leukotrienes are involved in which type of reaction

A

allergic reaction

56
Q

leukotrienes contribute to the symptoms of asthma by

A

acting as bronchoconstricting agent, narrowing the airway, and making it more difficulty to breathe

57
Q

solubility of ethanol

A

both lipid and water soluble

58
Q

greater than 80% of the absorbed ethanol is metabolized in the

A

liver

59
Q

what are the alcohol induced liver disease

A

fatty liver, alcohol-induced hepatitis, and cirrhosis

60
Q

fatty liver result from ethanol inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, resulting in

A

fatty acid buildup in the liver

61
Q

alcohol-induced hepatitis results from

A

acetaldehyde and free radical generation from ethanol metabolism in liver

62
Q

cirrhosis occur as a

A

accumulation of damage to the hepatocytes, leading to fibrosis and loss of liver function

biochemistry (12 decks)

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