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Biochem Finals > Lipid Metab -1a > Flashcards

Lipid Metab -1a Flashcards

0
Q

Factors involvd in fat digestion

A

Lipases

Bile acids & bile salts

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1
Q

Most abundant lipid in our diet

A

TAG

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2
Q

Most important lipase

A

Pancreatic lipase

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3
Q

Lingual lipase

A

ebner’s gland

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4
Q

Primary bile acids

A

Cholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid

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5
Q

Secondary bile acids

A

Deoxycholic acid

Lithocholic acid

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6
Q

Emulsifying agents

A

Bile acids/salts

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7
Q

Primary bile acids are synthesized from

A

Cholesterol

Formed in the liver

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8
Q

Secondary bile acids are synthesized from?

A

1* bile acids

Formed in the intestines

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9
Q

Bile salts are synthesized from

A

Bile acids + glycine + taurine

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10
Q

Bile acids/salts are conserved through

A

Enterohepatic circulation

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11
Q

Aka steapsin

A

Pancreatic lipase

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12
Q

Requires colipase for optimum activity

A

Pancreatic lipase

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13
Q

Protein found in pancreatic secretion

A

Colipase

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14
Q

Steapsin is specific for hydrolysis of ——-

A

1* ester linkages (sn-1 & sn-3 of TAG)

Steapsin cannot hydrolyze 2* ester bond in sn-2 of TAG

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15
Q

End products of fat digestion

A

2-monoacylglycerols & FA

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16
Q

Short- & medium- chain FA are absorbed by the ——-

A

Portal circulation (liver)

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17
Q

Used to resynthesize TAGs in the intestinal walls

A

Long-chain FA and 2-monoacylglycerols

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18
Q

——- + TAGS/other lipids = chylomicrons

A

Apoproteins

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19
Q

Chylomicron absorption

A

Lymphatic circulation ( systemic )

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20
Q

Happens due to impaired fat absorption/digestion

A

Steatorrhea

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21
Q

There is an increase amt of un/digested fat in the feces

A

Steatorrhea

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22
Q

Types of steatorrhea

A
  1. Deficiency of bile
  2. Deficiency of pancreatic juice
  3. Abnormal intestinal mucosa
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23
Q

due to obstruction in the bile duct

A

Deficiency of bile

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24
Q

Clay-colored stool

A

Deficiency of bile

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25
Q

Due to chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma

A

Deficiency of pancreatic juices

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26
Q

May be due to celiac disease

A

Abnormal intestinal mucosa

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27
Q

Biosynthesis of FA

A

Lipogenesis

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28
Q

Types of lipogenic pathways

A

Extramitochondrial - cytosol
Microsomal - ER
Mitochondrial

All involve reduction-dehydration-reduction

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29
Q

General principle of lipogenesis

A

Add 2 C atoms per cycle

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30
Q

De Novo/ Lynen’s Cycle

A

Extramitochondrial

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31
Q

Substrate of extramitochondrial pathway

A

acetyl CoA

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32
Q

Extramitochondrial - end product

A

Palmitic acid

33
Q

Extramitochondrial/microsomal - 2C donor

A

Malonyl CoA

34
Q

Uses acyl carrier protein

A

Extramitochondrial

35
Q

Elongation

A

Microsomal/Mitochondrial

36
Q

Microsomal/mitochondrial substrate

A

Medium, long chain FA

37
Q

Microsomal/mitochondrial end products

A

Longer chain FA

38
Q

Mitochondrial 2C donor

A

Acetyl CoA

39
Q

Uses coenzyme A to anchor FAs

A

Mitochondrial/microsomal

40
Q

Rate limiting/ committed step in Extramitochondrial lipogenesis

A

Conversion of AcetylCoA to MalonylCoA

41
Q

Rate limiting enzyme in extramitochondrial lipogenesis

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

42
Q

Prosthetic group of Acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

Biotin

43
Q

Inhibits Acetyl CoA carboxylase thru negative feedback mech

A

Palmitic acid

44
Q

A protein in raw egg white, that inhibits the committed step by binding to and removing biotin

A

Avidin

45
Q

TAG synthesis takes place where

A

SER

46
Q

Organs/tissues active in TAG synth

A
  1. Adipose Tissue
  2. Liver
  3. Intestines
  4. Skeletal muscle
47
Q

Activated FA

A

Fatty acyl CoA

48
Q

Enzyme in rxn 1 of tag synthesis

A

Thiokinase

49
Q

Product in rxn 1 of TAG synthesis

A

Fatty acyl CoA

R-COSCoA

50
Q

Co Substrate? In TAG synthesis rxn 1

A

ATP

CoASH?

51
Q

Substrate in TAG synth rxn 1

A

Fatty acids

R-COOH

52
Q

Substrate in rxn2 TAG synthesis

A

Glycerol

53
Q

Enzyme in rxn2 TAG synthesis

A

Glycerokinase

54
Q

Product in rxn2 TAG synthesis

A

Glycerol 3-PO4

55
Q

Enzymes in TAG synthesis

A 
Thiokinase
Glycerokinase
Acyl transferase
Phosphatase
Acyl transferase
56
Q

1 glycerol 3-PO4 + 2 fatty acyl CoA = ?

TAG synthesis

A

Phosphatidic acid

57
Q

TAG Synthesis substrates/products

A 
Fatty acid
Glycerol
1 glycerol 3-PO4 + 2 fatty acyl coa
Phosphatidic acid
1,2 diacylglycerol
TAG
58
Q

Co substrates? In TAG synthesis

A

ATP
Pi
Fatty acyl coa

59
Q

Two intermediate metabolites in TAG synthesis that can be used to synthesize phosphoglygerides

A

Phosphatidic acid - for de novo synth of phosphoglycerides

1,2 diacylglycero - for salvage pathway

60
Q

Enzymes in de novo synth of phosphoglycerides

A

CDP-DG synthase
Serine
Decarboxylase
N-methyltransferase

61
Q

Products/substrates in de novo synth of phosphoglycerides

A 
Phosphatidic acid
CDP-diacylglycerol
Phosphatidyl serine
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
Phosphatidyl choline
62
Q

Co substrates? In de novo synth of phosphoglycerides

A

CTP
CO2
3 S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)

63
Q

Long chain saturated FA + lysophosphoglyceride

A

PL-A1

64
Q

Unsat FA + lysophosphoglyceride

A

PL-A2

65
Q

Cleaves the ester linkages in C-1 or C-2 of lysophosphoglycerides

A

PL-B

66
Q

1,2 DAG + phosphorylated side chain

A

PL-C

67
Q

Phosphatidic acid + free side chain

A

PL-D

68
Q

Released by the action of PL A2

A

Arachidonic acid

69
Q

Arachidonic acid is released from the —————– and moved into the ——-

A

Cell membrane, SER

70
Q

In the SER, arachidonic acid is acted upon by:

A
  1. Cyclooxygenase

2. Lipoxygenase

71
Q

Produces prostaglandin, thromboxane & prostacyclin

A

Cyclooxygenase

72
Q

Cyclooxygenase produces

A

Prostaglandin
Thromboxane
Prostacyclin (series 2)

73
Q

Produces leukotrienes

A

Lipoxygenase

74
Q

PL A2 is inhibited by

A

Cortisol and steroids

75
Q

2nd messengers of hormones are produced by

A

PL C

76
Q

Most common substrate acted upon by PL C

A

PIP2

Phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate

77
Q

TAG is synthesized from

A

Acyl-CoA, and glycerol 3-phosphate

78
Q

Second messengers whc stimulate the release of Ca from the SER

A

1,2- DAG

inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate

79
Q

Glycerokinase in adipose and skeletal muscle

A

Low to absent

80
Q

Source of glycerol 3-phosphate in adipose and skeletal muscle

A

dihydroacetone PO4

81
Q

Dihydroacetone is reduced to

A

glycerol 3-PO4

Biochem Finals (11 decks)

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