Lipid Classification Flashcards
What in the blood helps transfer fatty acids?
Serum albumin
What are the two forms of fatty acids
Free fatty acids
Esterified fatty acids
What are the uses of free fatty acids?
Structural components of membrane lipids
Membrane anchoring proteins
Energy
Precursors for prostaglandins
What’s is the main use of esterified fatty acids
Precursors to form more complex molecules
Fatty acids are amphipathic… Which part is hydrophobic and which part is hydrophilic
Hydrophobic :chain
Hydrophilic: head
What are the characteristics of a saturated fatty acid
Bad for you
No double bonds
Solid at room temp
What are the characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids
1 double bond at least
Good for you
Reduced Tm
Increased fluidity
What is the carbon the carboxyl group attached to called
Alpha carbon
What are the two essential fatty acids plants provide humans need
Linoleic acid
Alpha-linoleic acid
When is arachodonic acid essential for humans?
If linoleic acid is deficient
What would increase ACC synthesis for de novo fatty acid synthesis
Prolonged high calorie high carb diets
What would decrease ACC synthesis in denovo fatty acid synthesis
Low calorie or high fat diet
What is the major rate limiting step for de novo synthesis of fatty acids
ACC
What are the two major sources of NADPH as it is needed for de novo synthesis of fatty acids
Oxidation of malate to pyruvate
HMP shunt
What are desaturases
Enzymes in the SER that can introduce double bonds into lcfa
What are the first second and third fats on TAG
First- saturated
Second - unsaturated
Third- unsaturated or saturated
What are the two major building blocks to make TAG
Glycerol phosphate
Acyl CoA
How can you make glycerol phosphate from the glycolytic pathway
DHAP can be reduced to it
How can the liver exclusively make glycerol phosphate
Uses glycerol kinase to convert free glycerol
How does the liver store TAG?
VLDL
How does adipose tissue store TAG
Cytosolic lipid droplets
What are the two major enzymes that help release fatty acids from TAG?
Adipose lipase
Hormone sensitive lipase
What is HSL (hormone sensitive lipase) activated by
cAMP dependent protein kinases
What indirectly deactivates HSL?
Insulin
What two parts of the body cannot use fatty acids for energy?
Brain and RBCs
The major pathway for obtaining energy from fatty acids is beta-oxidation. What are the products of beta oxidation
Acetyl CoA
NADH
FADH2
How do long chain fatty acyls get into the mitochondria
Carnotine shuttle
What is the Carnotine shuttle inhibited by?
Malonyl CoA
What is the consequence of a Carnotine deficiency
The body is unable to use lcfa as fuel
What are reasons for a primary carnitine deficiency
Cat1 or Cat2 genetic defect
Renal tubular reabsorption of carnitine
Carnitine uptake by cells
Briefly describe beta oxidation
Four step process
Turns fatty acids into Acetyl CoA
Produces 129 ATP
What does the final cleavage of beta oxidation in an odd numbered fatty acid produce
Propionyl CoA
If you have a vitamin b12 deficiency what will be found in your urine
Propionate
Methylmalonate
What is refsum disease
Deficiency in peroxisomal phyh deficiency
What are the three metabolic products of ketone bodies
Acetone
3hydroxybutyrate
Acetoacetate
What is the rate limiting step in ketone body synthesis and present only in the liver
HMG CoA synthase
What organ cannot use ketone bodies as fuel because it lacks thiophorase
Liver
