link and krebs

Question 1

structure of acetyl CoA (basic)

Answer 1

acetyl - S -other- nucleosidetriphosphate

Question 3

structure of AcoA complicated

Answer 3

ch3-c=0-s-other-pi-pi-pi-ribose-nitrogenous base

Question 4

type of sugar in AcoA

Answer 4

ribose sigar

Question 5

special type of bond in AcoA

Answer 5

thioester bond

Question 6

acetyl

Answer 6

ch3c=0R

Question 7

acyl group

Answer 7

R-C=o-R

Question 8

how are acetyl group and acyl related??

Answer 8

the acyl group is a superset of the acetyl group

can think that acetyl is more specialised because it is longer so more descripitve

Question 9

why is it good that the thioester bond is unstable?

Answer 9

can be easily hydrolysed to release 2C compound into krebs cycle

Question 10

how does pyruvate become AcoA

Answer 10

catalysed by PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX

decarbodylation and oxidation

Question 11

where does fermentation occur

Answer 11

yeast

Question 12

how does fermentation occur

Answer 12

1 pyruvate decarboxylase converts pyruvate into an acetaldehyde

3HC-C=O-H

2 alcohol dehydrogenase converts into ethanol

Question 13

how does pyruvate become lactic acid

Answer 13

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 14

what is citrate converted into before decarboxylation occurs

Answer 14

an isomer named isocitrate

Question 15

different enzymes involved in the 3 fates of pyruvate

Answer 15

• pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
• pyruvate decarboxylase then alcohol dehydrogenase (both reversible reactions)
• lactate dehydrogenase (reversible reactions)

Question 16

what couples with NAD+ to NADH in KRebs?

Answer 16

decarboxylation

Question 17

what is the precursor to oxaloacetate

Answer 17

fumerate - NO FUMES 4C

Question 18

what kind of enymes are involved in KREBS

Answer 18

dehydrogenase and decarbozylase

Question 19

why is the dehydrogenation catalysed by succinate special?

Answer 19

FADH2 is produced, not NADH

Question 20

patholopgy for beri beri

Answer 20

no vit b cofactor - pyruvate dehydrogenase complex stops - no AcoA - no ATP - werak brain and muscles

Question 21

thyamine synonym

Answer 21

vit B1

Question 22

products of krebs

Answer 22

2 CO2 - 6C to 4C before repeating

4 reduced coenxymes - 1FADH2 and 3 NADH

1GTP - alevel lie

Question 23

link reaction products

Answer 23

AcoA, NADH, CO2

Question 24

what is 6C compound at start of Krebs

Answer 24

citrate

Question 25

amino acid catabolism synonym

Answer 25

AA degredation

Question 26

1st step of amino acid cataboliosm

Answer 26

deamination or transamination

Question 27

2nd step of protien catabolsim

Answer 27

^{pyruvate and normal oxidation}

Question 28

deamination

Answer 28

rem NH2

Question 29

transamination

Answer 29

move NH2 from one molecule to another

Question 30

ketoacid

Answer 30

carboxylic acid with a ketone group also

Question 31

alpha keto acid

Answer 31

carboxylic acid with a ketone group the ketone group is alpha (1st carbon down the loine) to the carboxylic acid

Question 32

what happens to NH2 group

Answer 32

NH2-\>NH4+-\>urea UREAN CYCLE

Question 33

how does NADH enter the mitochondria from cytosol for OP?

Answer 33

`BY SHUTTLE TRANSPORT 1GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE 2 ASPARTATE MALATE (i wake up in the am)

Question 34

how does aspartate malate work?

Question 36

what occurs during a 4C group transfer compound in TAC

Answer 36

GTP made by substrate level phosphorylation

Question 37

what is it called when cancerous cells have high lactate levels, despite adequate glucoser and oxygen concentrations for aerobic respiration

Answer 37

wharberg effect

Question 38

why does wharberg effect occur

Answer 38

when cancerous cells have mutated enzyme forms in TCA cycle, which slows down the rate of aerobic respiration. Therefore more anaerobi respiration for more ATP

Question 39

what accompanies decarbodylation in krebs

Answer 39

coenzyme is reduced

Question 40

what is accompanying redox in krebs

Answer 40

decarboxylation

Question 41

citrate converts into

Answer 41

isocirtate

Question 42

how many enzymes are mutated in the TCA cycle in cancerous cells

Answer 42

2

Question 43

whiuch many enzymes are mutated in the TCA cycle in cancerous cells

Answer 43

Succinate FUMEREASE REMEMEBR IT SUCKS TO SMOKE

Question 44

what happens to isocitrate

Answer 44

what happens to isocitrate

Question 46

how many ATPs are FADH2 and NADH worth

Answer 46

2 and 3 respectively

Question 47

type of reaction at start of TCA

Answer 47

group transfer

Question 48

type of reaction citrate to isocitrate

Answer 48

isomeriserisation

Question 49

reaction isocitrate to alphaketo glutarate

Answer 49

redox NADH is made and isocitrate dehydrogenated decarboxylation so group removal

Question 51

where are enzymes for TCA

Answer 51

matrix

Question 52

succinyl coA to succinyl

Answer 52

group removal of CoA group transfer as substrate level phosphorylation to form GTP

Question 54

why is acoa in the mitochondria

Answer 54

op has to occur on mitochondrial membrane