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Cell biology > link and krebs > Flashcards

link and krebs Flashcards

1
Q

structure of acetyl CoA (basic)

A

acetyl - S -other- nucleosidetriphosphate

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

structure of AcoA complicated

A

ch3-c=0-s-other-pi-pi-pi-ribose-nitrogenous base

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4
Q

type of sugar in AcoA

A

ribose sigar

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5
Q

special type of bond in AcoA

A

thioester bond

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6
Q

acetyl

A

ch3c=0R

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7
Q

acyl group

A

R-C=o-R

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8
Q

how are acetyl group and acyl related??

A

the acyl group is a superset of the acetyl group

can think that acetyl is more specialised because it is longer so more descripitve

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9
Q

why is it good that the thioester bond is unstable?

A

can be easily hydrolysed to release 2C compound into krebs cycle

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10
Q

how does pyruvate become AcoA

A

catalysed by PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX

decarbodylation and oxidation

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11
Q

where does fermentation occur

A

yeast

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12
Q

how does fermentation occur

A

1 pyruvate decarboxylase converts pyruvate into an acetaldehyde

3HC-C=O-H

2 alcohol dehydrogenase converts into ethanol

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13
Q

how does pyruvate become lactic acid

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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14
Q

what is citrate converted into before decarboxylation occurs

A

an isomer named isocitrate

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15
Q

different enzymes involved in the 3 fates of pyruvate

A
  • pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
  • pyruvate decarboxylase then alcohol dehydrogenase (both reversible reactions)
  • lactate dehydrogenase (reversible reactions)
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16
Q

what couples with NAD+ to NADH in KRebs?

A

decarboxylation

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17
Q

what is the precursor to oxaloacetate

A

fumerate - NO FUMES 4C

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18
Q

what kind of enymes are involved in KREBS

A

dehydrogenase and decarbozylase

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19
Q

why is the dehydrogenation catalysed by succinate special?

A

FADH2 is produced, not NADH

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20
Q

patholopgy for beri beri

A

no vit b cofactor - pyruvate dehydrogenase complex stops - no AcoA - no ATP - werak brain and muscles

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21
Q

thyamine synonym

A

vit B1

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22
Q

products of krebs

A

2 CO2 - 6C to 4C before repeating

4 reduced coenxymes - 1FADH2 and 3 NADH

1GTP - alevel lie

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23
Q

link reaction products

A

AcoA, NADH, CO2

24
Q

what is 6C compound at start of Krebs

A

citrate

25
Q

amino acid catabolism synonym

A

AA degredation

26
Q

1st step of amino acid cataboliosm

A

deamination or transamination

27
Q

2nd step of protien catabolsim

A

pyruvate and normal oxidation

28
Q

deamination

A

rem NH2

29
Q

transamination

A

move NH2 from one molecule to another

30
Q

ketoacid

A

carboxylic acid with a ketone group also

31
Q

alpha keto acid

A

carboxylic acid with a ketone group

the ketone group is alpha (1st carbon down the loine) to the carboxylic acid

32
Q

what happens to NH2 group

A

NH2->NH4+->urea

UREAN CYCLE

33
Q

how does NADH enter the mitochondria from cytosol for OP?

A

`BY SHUTTLE TRANSPORT

1GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE

2 ASPARTATE MALATE

(i wake up in the am)

34
Q

how does aspartate malate work?

A
35
Q
A
36
Q

what occurs during a 4C group transfer compound in TAC

A

GTP made by substrate level phosphorylation

37
Q

what is it called when cancerous cells have high lactate levels, despite adequate glucoser and oxygen concentrations for aerobic respiration

A

wharberg effect

38
Q

why does wharberg effect occur

A

when cancerous cells have mutated enzyme forms in TCA cycle, which slows down the rate of aerobic respiration. Therefore more anaerobi respiration for more ATP

39
Q

what accompanies decarbodylation in krebs

A

coenzyme is reduced

40
Q

what is accompanying redox in krebs

A

decarboxylation

41
Q

citrate converts into

A

isocirtate

42
Q

how many enzymes are mutated in the TCA cycle in cancerous cells

A

2

43
Q

whiuch many enzymes are mutated in the TCA cycle in cancerous cells

A

Succinate

FUMEREASE

REMEMEBR IT SUCKS TO SMOKE

44
Q

what happens to isocitrate

A

what happens to isocitrate

45
Q
A
46
Q

how many ATPs are FADH2 and NADH worth

A

2 and 3 respectively

47
Q

type of reaction at start of TCA

A

group transfer

48
Q

type of reaction citrate to isocitrate

A

isomeriserisation

49
Q

reaction isocitrate to alphaketo glutarate

A

redox

NADH is made and isocitrate dehydrogenated

decarboxylation so group removal

50
Q
A
51
Q

where are enzymes for TCA

A

matrix

52
Q

succinyl coA to succinyl

A

group removal of CoA

group transfer as substrate level phosphorylation to form GTP

53
Q
A
54
Q

why is acoa in the mitochondria

A

op has to occur on mitochondrial membrane

55
Q
A

Cell biology (6 decks)

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