link and krebs Flashcards
structure of acetyl CoA (basic)
acetyl - S -other- nucleosidetriphosphate
structure of AcoA complicated
ch3-c=0-s-other-pi-pi-pi-ribose-nitrogenous base
type of sugar in AcoA
ribose sigar
special type of bond in AcoA
thioester bond
acetyl
ch3c=0R
acyl group
R-C=o-R
how are acetyl group and acyl related??
the acyl group is a superset of the acetyl group
can think that acetyl is more specialised because it is longer so more descripitve
why is it good that the thioester bond is unstable?
can be easily hydrolysed to release 2C compound into krebs cycle
how does pyruvate become AcoA
catalysed by PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
decarbodylation and oxidation
where does fermentation occur
yeast
how does fermentation occur
1 pyruvate decarboxylase converts pyruvate into an acetaldehyde
3HC-C=O-H
2 alcohol dehydrogenase converts into ethanol
how does pyruvate become lactic acid
lactate dehydrogenase
what is citrate converted into before decarboxylation occurs
an isomer named isocitrate
different enzymes involved in the 3 fates of pyruvate
- pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- pyruvate decarboxylase then alcohol dehydrogenase (both reversible reactions)
- lactate dehydrogenase (reversible reactions)
what couples with NAD+ to NADH in KRebs?
decarboxylation
what is the precursor to oxaloacetate
fumerate - NO FUMES 4C
what kind of enymes are involved in KREBS
dehydrogenase and decarbozylase
why is the dehydrogenation catalysed by succinate special?
FADH2 is produced, not NADH
patholopgy for beri beri
no vit b cofactor - pyruvate dehydrogenase complex stops - no AcoA - no ATP - werak brain and muscles
thyamine synonym
vit B1
products of krebs
2 CO2 - 6C to 4C before repeating
4 reduced coenxymes - 1FADH2 and 3 NADH
1GTP - alevel lie
link reaction products
AcoA, NADH, CO2
what is 6C compound at start of Krebs
citrate
amino acid catabolism synonym
AA degredation
1st step of amino acid cataboliosm
deamination or transamination
2nd step of protien catabolsim
pyruvate and normal oxidation
deamination
rem NH2
transamination
move NH2 from one molecule to another
ketoacid
carboxylic acid with a ketone group also
alpha keto acid
carboxylic acid with a ketone group
the ketone group is alpha (1st carbon down the loine) to the carboxylic acid
what happens to NH2 group
NH2->NH4+->urea
UREAN CYCLE
how does NADH enter the mitochondria from cytosol for OP?
`BY SHUTTLE TRANSPORT
1GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE
2 ASPARTATE MALATE
(i wake up in the am)
how does aspartate malate work?
what occurs during a 4C group transfer compound in TAC
GTP made by substrate level phosphorylation
what is it called when cancerous cells have high lactate levels, despite adequate glucoser and oxygen concentrations for aerobic respiration
wharberg effect
why does wharberg effect occur
when cancerous cells have mutated enzyme forms in TCA cycle, which slows down the rate of aerobic respiration. Therefore more anaerobi respiration for more ATP
what accompanies decarbodylation in krebs
coenzyme is reduced
what is accompanying redox in krebs
decarboxylation
citrate converts into
isocirtate
how many enzymes are mutated in the TCA cycle in cancerous cells
2
whiuch many enzymes are mutated in the TCA cycle in cancerous cells
Succinate
FUMEREASE
REMEMEBR IT SUCKS TO SMOKE
what happens to isocitrate
what happens to isocitrate
how many ATPs are FADH2 and NADH worth
2 and 3 respectively
type of reaction at start of TCA
group transfer
type of reaction citrate to isocitrate
isomeriserisation
reaction isocitrate to alphaketo glutarate
redox
NADH is made and isocitrate dehydrogenated
decarboxylation so group removal
where are enzymes for TCA
matrix
succinyl coA to succinyl
group removal of CoA
group transfer as substrate level phosphorylation to form GTP
why is acoa in the mitochondria
op has to occur on mitochondrial membrane
