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Cell biology > Cell Metabolism > Flashcards

Cell Metabolism Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

metabolism

A

nomral chemical reactions in body

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2
Q

how energy moves in metabolism pathway

A

Big molecules in food

Tiny molecules in cells and ATP and heat

Big molecules in body

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3
Q

ATP

A
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4
Q

gibbs free energy for ATP

A

-31

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5
Q

ligation requiring ATP cleavage

A

form a covalent bond with enegry from ATP hydrolysis

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6
Q

group transfer

A

move a FUNCRIONAL GROUP across molecules

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7
Q

Why called the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

A

Because citric acid, the 1st molecule formed has 3 COOH groups

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8
Q

Why is it the Citric Acid Cycle

A

Citric acid is the molecule formed when 4C oxaloacetate bonds to 2C acetate

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

protein metabolism

A

AA->NH4+->urea

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11
Q

3 parts of respiration

A

Glycolysis - pyruavate made adn NADH

TAC - NADH is made and substrate level phosphorylation makes ATP

Oxidative phosdphorylation - ATP and O2 is reduced to water

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12
Q

glucose combustion vs metabolism

A

high vs low Ea(s)

many vs few reactions

none vs enzymes

energy released as heat vs (heat and) ATP

high temp vs lower body temp

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13
Q

nucleoside triphosphate

A

nucleotide

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14
Q

nucleoside

A

base, sugar

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15
Q

nucleotide

A

base, sugar, phosphate

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16
Q

beri beri

A

Vitamin B deficinecy

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17
Q

role of Lactate Dehydrogeanse

A

opposite to rest of repsiration becuase process is reductive

pyruvate REDUCED into lactate

NADH->NAD+

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18
Q

free energy

A

energy stored in a system

that can be released

to do useful work

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19
Q

respiration vs metsabolism

A

onkly catabolic vs catabolic and anabolic

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20
Q

protein anabolism

A

transcription and translation

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21
Q

which reactions require ATP lysis

A

anabolic

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22
Q

how do anabolic reactions obey 2nd law of thermodynamics

A

Although entropy of system decreases, the entropy of the surroundings increases by an even bigger fsactor to give DeltaS-

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23
Q

which reactions release energy

A

catabolic

24
Q

by which substance are enzymes in glycolysis inhibited

A

ATP

25
Q

by which substance are enzymes in glycolysis activated

A

ADP

26
Q

why are there inhibitory pathways in respiration

A

so you dont make too much ATP because it is too unstable due to high energy phosphoanhydride bonds

27
Q

type of inhibition provided by ATP

A

non competitive

too small to be a substrate analogue

28
Q

type of activation provided by ADP

A

non competitive

29
Q

allosteric

A

non competitive

30
Q

what can pyruvate be converted into, ANAEROBC?

A

ANAEROBIC: ethanol and CO2 by pyruvate decarboxylase

or

lactic acid by pyruvate dehydrogenase

31
Q

6 metabolic reactions

A

HAGILO

Hydrolysis

Addition or removal of groups
Group transfer
Isomerisation
Ligation involving ATP cleavage
Oxidartion reductiion

32
Q

pyruvate decarboxylase

A

converts pyruvate into ethanol and CO2

NADH->NAD+

33
Q

what can pyruvate be converted into, AEROBIC

A

AEROBIC: acetate by pyrvuate dehydrogenase

34
Q

number opf steps in glycolysis

A

1o

35
Q

what is thge difference between group removal and group transfer

A

has group travelled between 2 molecules?

Y - GT
N - GR

36
Q
A
37
Q

group add/rem definition

A

when group is added it is onto a double bond

when group is removed a single bond is formed

38
Q

glyc

A

greek for sugar

39
Q

which enzyme splits fructose bishphosphate

A

aldose

40
Q

enyme to make fructose bisphosphate

A

phosphofructokinase

41
Q
A
42
Q

work pout enzyme name

A

1 TYPE OF REACTION(S)

2 NAME OF SUBSTRATE

43
Q

why is fuctose 1,6 phosphate made in glycolysis?

A

Unstbale compound with high free energy

symmetrical so can be split into 2 mimilar 3C molecules

44
Q

which is the first commited step of glycolysis

A
45
Q

why is phosphorylation of glucose not foirsy commited step of glycolysis

A

can also be used for glycogen synthesis pathway

46
Q

enzymopathy

A

enzyme

disease

enzyme deficiency

47
Q

problem with muscles stores of ATP

A

only enough for 1s of contraction - oo little

48
Q

what does PCR system do

A

buffer ATP concentrations

Phosphoprylation of ADP using PI off PCr

catalysed by creatine kinase

49
Q

Different systems to provide ATP in excercise

A

muscle store

pcr

anaerobic

aerobic

50
Q

where does link reaction occur

A

mitochondria

51
Q

acetyl coa structure

A

acetyl is R-C=0=R

acetyl coa has R as methyl and other R very similar to a nucleotide with sulfur

52
Q

whst does brain respire

A

glucose

53
Q

what enzyme does Vitamin B assist

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase to make acetate

54
Q

what happens if there is no VitB

A

no acetate can be formed, so very little energy

55
Q
A

Cell biology (6 decks)

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