Linguistic Concepts Flashcards
Compounding
Makes a word out of 2+ morphemes
Ex. Foot + ball = football
Phonology
Systematic organization of sounds in languages
Register
Level of formality spoken
Avoidance
ELL avoids difficult words/structures and uses simpler words/structures
Orthography
Spelling patterns in language
Back-formation
Creation of new word by removing the affix.
Ex. Editor > edit
Language acquisition
Process of learning a new language
Syllable awareness/segmentation/syllabication
Ability to hear parts of words
Phonics/graphonemic principle
Relationship between symbols (letters,words) and sounds of a language to read and write
Pragmatic competence
Knowledge of how to use a language effectively to achieve a specific purpose in different contexts
Language function
Different uses of a language
Oral language
System that relates sounds to meanings through verbal communication.
Word blends
Joining parts of two or more words to make a new word
Smoke + fog = fog
Discourse competence
Knowledge of how to put together words/phrases to construct long conversations, written texts, or speeches
Free morpheme
Can stand alone or appear with others in a lexeme
Joy in joyous is a free morpheme
Communicative competence
Ability to communicate in a socially acceptable way with proper
Grammar
Syntax
Rules for construction of words to make phrases, clauses and sentences
Suffix
Letter(s) at the end of a word to change meaning
Happy > happily
Reading comprehension
Ability to read and understand the meaning
Derivation
Creation of new word from another by adding an affix
IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet - comprehensive representation of all the sounds in all languages
Acronym
Made by pronouncing initials
ASAP = as soon as possible
Semantics
Study of word or symbol meaning
Reading fluency
Ability to read with speed, accuracy and prosody
Phonemic/sound awareness
Ability to hear/identify, recreates individual sounds in spoken language
Prefix
Letters added to beginning of root word
Sociolinguistic competence
Knowledge of how to use language and respond appropriately based on setting, topic and situation
Affix
Letters that change meaning of root word
Phonetics
Sound of human speech
Circumlocution
Use of many words to describe something instead of using fewer words
Root
Base words, can attach prefix or suffix or syllables
Vocabulary
Known words + meanings.
Morphology
Study of forms of words - affixes, roots, stems, parts of speech
Bound morpheme
Can only appear as part of a larger word.
-ous in Joyous
Pragmatics
Study of language in use.
Does not include structure or appropriate use
Calque
Word for word translation from another language
Phoneme
Smallest sounds in a word
B-I-T
Strategic competence
How to fix communication breakdowns or how to express ideas when the right words are unknown
Linguistic competence
Knowledge of how to use grammar, syntax and vocabulary
Morpheme
Combination of sounds that has meaning in language. Cannot be divided smaller
Neologism
New word or phrase not accepted into a language
Ex, coronacaction
