Factors Affecting Students Flashcards
Phonology
The systemic organization of sounds in languages
Idiom
A phrase or expression that does not mean the same as the literal words.
Assimilate
When an individual or group replaces most of their home culture with the new culture
Varying labels
Multiple ways to refer to the same thing
Ex. Dress & Jumper, sneakers & tennis shoes
False cognates
Words from different languages that look and sound the same but have different meanings.
Ex. Sopa (spanish) looks and sounds like English soap but translates to soup.
Limited vocabulary
Smaller or more restricted bank of words than is typical
Minimal pairs
Phonemes that are similar and different to distinguish
Ex. Same/safe, pass/path
Affective domain
Emotional skills.
Ex. Appropriate reactions to situations in the classroom, like calmly asking for help.
Cultural contact
When people from different cultures come in contact with one another
Transfer
The process of student learning when students are able to use the knowledge or skills in a new situation
Transitional reader
Stage of reading development
Readers are better at self-correcting, can recognize and use punctuation and can choose books of interest.
Sometimes referred to as intermediate or nearly fluent readers.
Linguistic domain
Language skills
Cultural accommodation
The majority culture lives in harmony with a minority culture. Each accepts and allows the other to retain its cultural identity.
Language interference
Differences between a learners native language and the language being learned which can cause confusion on the acquisition of the new language.
Acculturation
When one culture takes on some of the cultural traits of another
Affective filter
Emotional influences on learning
Early fluent/fluent/proficient reader
Stage of reading development
Readers recognize many words and can apply phonics and word analysis skills to figure out unfamiliar words.
Literacy related abilities
skills having to do with reading and writing
Pronunciation
The specific way a word is verbally produced
Speech stage: advanced
Late stage of language acquisition
Speech stage: intermediate
Middle stage of language acquisition
Ex. Can form complete sentences with familiar topics
Register
Level of formality used when speaking
Emergent reader: stage of reading development
When children understand that written language has meaning and messages
Schema (when reading)
Background knowledge a reader brings to the text
Interrelatedness (ELL Students)
Connections between L1 & L2.
The more developed the first language is the better the 2nd will develop
Avoidance
An ELL avoids using difficult words and structures opting for simpler ones.
Phonological awareness
The understanding and ability to hear individual words syllables and sounds in spoken language apart from print
Early Reader (stage of reading development)
Early readers begin understanding that reading from the page needs to make sense - both from pictures and print
Speech Stage: emergent
Early stage of language acquisition.
Students can answer either/or questions by using vocabulary from the question itself.
Speech stage: silent period
Stage in which the mind absorbs information and students do not give verbal responses
Biculturalism
The presence of at least two distinct cultures in a specific area or region
Language transfer
Process that occurs when students who are learning a new language transfer knowledge from L1 > L2
Overgeneralization
The application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply
Ex. Student adds an -s to make everything plural, even irregular plural nouns.
I brushed my tooths this morning.
Culture shock
The disorientation and discomfort that often accompanies finding oneself in a totally new and different culture.
Four common phases:
The honeymoon stage - happy and excited about the adventure
The frustration stage - begin to feel homesick
Adjustment stage - feel more familiar and comfortable in new environment
Acceptance - feel more confident in new country.
