Factors Affecting Students

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The systemic organization of sounds in languages

Question 2

Idiom

Answer 2

A phrase or expression that does not mean the same as the literal words.

Question 3

Assimilate

Answer 3

When an individual or group replaces most of their home culture with the new culture

Question 4

Varying labels

Answer 4

Multiple ways to refer to the same thing

Ex. Dress & Jumper, sneakers & tennis shoes

Question 5

False cognates

Answer 5

Words from different languages that look and sound the same but have different meanings.

Ex. Sopa (spanish) looks and sounds like English soap but translates to soup.

Question 6

Limited vocabulary

Answer 6

Smaller or more restricted bank of words than is typical

Question 7

Minimal pairs

Answer 7

Phonemes that are similar and different to distinguish

Ex. Same/safe, pass/path

Question 8

Affective domain

Answer 8

Emotional skills.

Ex. Appropriate reactions to situations in the classroom, like calmly asking for help.

Question 9

Cultural contact

Answer 9

When people from different cultures come in contact with one another

Question 10

Transfer

Answer 10

The process of student learning when students are able to use the knowledge or skills in a new situation

Question 11

Transitional reader

Stage of reading development

Answer 11

Readers are better at self-correcting, can recognize and use punctuation and can choose books of interest.

Sometimes referred to as intermediate or nearly fluent readers.

Question 12

Linguistic domain

Answer 12

Language skills

Question 13

Cultural accommodation

Answer 13

The majority culture lives in harmony with a minority culture. Each accepts and allows the other to retain its cultural identity.

Question 14

Language interference

Answer 14

Differences between a learners native language and the language being learned which can cause confusion on the acquisition of the new language.

Question 15

Acculturation

Answer 15

When one culture takes on some of the cultural traits of another

Question 16

Affective filter

Answer 16

Emotional influences on learning

Question 17

Early fluent/fluent/proficient reader

Stage of reading development

Answer 17

Readers recognize many words and can apply phonics and word analysis skills to figure out unfamiliar words.

Question 18

Literacy related abilities

Answer 18

skills having to do with reading and writing

Question 19

Pronunciation

Answer 19

The specific way a word is verbally produced

Question 20

Speech stage: advanced

Answer 20

Late stage of language acquisition

Question 21

Speech stage: intermediate

Answer 21

Middle stage of language acquisition

Ex. Can form complete sentences with familiar topics

Question 22

Register

Answer 22

Level of formality used when speaking

Question 23

Emergent reader: stage of reading development

Answer 23

When children understand that written language has meaning and messages

Question 24

Schema (when reading)

Answer 24

Background knowledge a reader brings to the text

Question 25

Interrelatedness (ELL Students)

Answer 25

Connections between L1 & L2.

The more developed the first language is the better the 2nd will develop

Question 26

Avoidance

Answer 26

An ELL avoids using difficult words and structures opting for simpler ones.

Question 27

Phonological awareness

Answer 27

The understanding and ability to hear individual words syllables and sounds in spoken language apart from print

Question 28

Early Reader (stage of reading development)

Answer 28

Early readers begin understanding that reading from the page needs to make sense - both from pictures and print

Question 29

Speech Stage: emergent

Answer 29

Early stage of language acquisition.

Students can answer either/or questions by using vocabulary from the question itself.

Question 30

Speech stage: silent period

Answer 30

Stage in which the mind absorbs information and students do not give verbal responses

Question 31

Biculturalism

Answer 31

The presence of at least two distinct cultures in a specific area or region

Question 32

Language transfer

Answer 32

Process that occurs when students who are learning a new language transfer knowledge from L1 > L2

Question 33

Overgeneralization

Answer 33

The application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply

Ex. Student adds an -s to make everything plural, even irregular plural nouns.

I brushed my tooths this morning.

Question 34

Culture shock

Answer 34

The disorientation and discomfort that often accompanies finding oneself in a totally new and different culture.

Four common phases:
The honeymoon stage - happy and excited about the adventure

The frustration stage - begin to feel homesick

Adjustment stage - feel more familiar and comfortable in new environment

Acceptance - feel more confident in new country.