LING 110 Ch 5: Structure of Words Flashcards
A word is a …
… minimal free form.
The previous definition has three components that are central:
1.
2.
3.
The previous definition has three components that are central:
- form: it’s a linguistic unit
- free: it can be used by itself
- minimal: it is the smallest unit that can be used by itself
A morpheme is…
… the smallest meaningful unit in language.
Words can be composed of…
… morphemes.
A phrase is a ______ ______ but is composed of ______ .
A phrase is a [free unit] but is composed of [free units, ie words] .
…
compound words are…
… composed of more than one word.
Compounds are always written without spacing.
T or F?
False, compounds like “hot dog” are an example of this.
One way to diagnose a compound is through [______ ______].
One way to diagnose a compound is through [stress pattern].
One spelling rule that does not affect compounds is …
… changing Y internally to I.
English is a [______-timed] language.
[______] differentiates multi-syllabic words from [______].
English is a [stress-timed] language.
[stress] differentiates multi-syllabic words from [phrases].
In multi-syllabic words, the [______] stress is on the first syllable and the [______] is on the second.
In multi-syllabic words, the [primary] stress is on the first syllable and the [secondary] is on the second.
Examples of compounds that are not written as one word are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Examples of compounds that are not written as one word are:
- police car
- mouse pad
- hard drive
- hot dog
A word is…
… what we use when we speak or write. It is an inflected form of a lexeme.
A lexeme is …
… the abstract entry in our mind.
Inflection is a process that …
… adds grammatical information.
Grammatical information is such things as:
- _____ and ______
Grammatical information is such things as:
- plural
- tense
- comparative and superlative markers
When we are describing degrees of something we use:
1.
2.
3.
When we are describing degrees of something we use:
- positive e.g.: red
- comparative e.g.: redder
- superlative e.g.: reddest
Word building rule = …
… Word»_space; Lex + infl
Singular rule in English is
Word[+sg]»_space; Lex[N] + ∅
Plural rule in English is …
Word[+pl]»_space; Lex[N] + s
The “present participle” is constructed with both a [______] rule and a [______] rule.
The “present participle” is constructed with both a [morphological] rule and a [phonological] rule.
The “present participle” is constructed with the morphological rule and the phonological rule…
Word[pres part]»_space; Lex[V] + ing
e + i > + i
delete +
Inflection creates [______] but not [______].
Inflection creates [words] but not [lexemes].
Derivation creates [______].
Derivation creates [lexemes].
4 ways derivation occurs are:
- 4.
4 ways derivation occurs are:
- affixes
- shift stress
- conversion e.g.: repurposing
- backformation e.g.:
An example of derivation that uses “affixes” is:
e.g. un-cover
An example of derivation that uses “stress shift” is:
e.g. “re”cord (V) vs re”cord” (N)
An example of derivation that uses “conversion” is:
e.g. ink (N) > to ink (V) a contract
repurposing a word
An example of derivation that uses backformation is:
e.g. “edit” (V) from editor(N)
“wrinkle” (N) from wrinkled (PP)
“refrigerate” (V) from refrigerator (N)
Morphemes always maintain the same [______] otherwise it is not the same morpheme.
Morphemes always maintain the same [meaning] otherwise it is not the same morpheme.
The 3 kinds of meaning are:
- lexical
- grammatical
- categorical
Lexical meaning signifies…
… the abstract idea.
Grammatical meanings signifies…
… the inflectional meaning as required by grammar.
Categorical meaning signifies…
… a morpheme like -LY that does not carry meaning but changes the category (ADJ to ADV)
In English may
The root carries the [______] meaning.
The root carries the [core] meaning.
