Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Linguistics 110: Wonder of Words > LING 110 Ch 2: Linguistic Change & Structure of Language > Flashcards

LING 110 Ch 2: Linguistic Change & Structure of Language Flashcards

1
Q

OE is set during which period?

A

450 CE - 1100 CE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happened in 450 CE?

A

The Romans left Britannia to defend Rome against the Huns & the Goths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A “gloss” is a [______].

A

A “gloss” is a [translation].

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ‘a’ in dēma indicates [______ ______]. It marks or indicates the [______].

A

The ‘a’ in dēma indicates [nominative case]. It is a [subject] marker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Languages that use case have [______ ______] word order.

A

Languages that use case have [relatively free] word order.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 3 differences between OE and CE?

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. word order, e.g. in OE the verb was always at end of sentence…
  2. word structure
  3. written symbols
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ME is set during which period?

A

1100 CE - 1500 CE

1066 (Norman invasion of Britain) to 1476

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

House of Fame was written by [______] in [______ - ______].

A

House of Fame was written by [Chaucer] in [1379-1380].

Soune ys noght but eyre ybroken
And every spech that ys yspoken,
Lowde or pryvee, foule or faire,
In his substaunce ys but ire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The word “orthography” means [______ or ______]. It’s composed of [______] meaning [______] + [______] meaning [______].

A

The word “orthography” means [writing or spelling]. It’s composed of [orthos(s)] meaning [straight/correct] + [graphia] meaning [writing].

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A “syllabary” is [______ … ]?

A

A “syllabary” is [a writing system that uses symbols to represent syllables].

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A syllabary is only useful for languages with [______ … ] because [______ … ].

A

A syllabary is only useful for languages with [constraints on the number of syllables] because [otherwise there are too many symbols and it becomes too complex].

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An “ideograph” is [______ … ].

A

An “ideograph” is [a picture or symbol that represents a thing or idea].

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which 3 written characters were lost in OE orthography?

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. ash [æ]
  2. thorn [like a p with | on the left side]
  3. edh [the voiced version of ‘th’]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The term “phonetics” refers to the [______ and ______ ______] of [______ ______].

A

The term “phonetics” refers to [the study and systematic classification of speech sounds].

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The term “phonology” refers to the [______] of [______ ______] especially the [______ and ______] of [______ ______] in a language or two or more related languages.

A

The term “phonology” refers to [the science of speech sounds especially the history and theory of sound changes in a language or two or more related languages].

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) assigns [______ … ].

A “diacritic” is [______ … ].

A

The IPA assigns [a single symbol to every speech sound].

A “diacritic” is [a symbol that guides pronunciation rather]. e.g. ‘~’ can mean ‘nasalization’ or ‘ç’ means pronounce as ‘s’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

We describe vowels using 3 descriptors:

  1. [______]
  2. [______ or ______]
  3. [______]
A

We describe vowels using 3 descriptors:

  1. [height] high, mid, low, that is, how close to the top of bottom of the mouth
  2. [tenseness or laxness]
  3. [placement] front, middle, back, that is, how close to the front or back of the oral cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
What are the 5 front vowels?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is the front diphthong?

6.

A
  1. beet [i], orthographic i
  2. bit, [I], small cap i
  3. bait, [e], orthographic e
  4. bet, [ɛ], epsilon
  5. bat, [æ]
  6. buy, [ay]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the middle unstressed vowel called?

A

about, [_], swcha

20
Q

What are the 5 back vowels?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What are the two back diphthongs?

6.
7.

A
  1. boot, [u], orthographic u
  2. book, [_], upsilon
  3. boat, [o], orthographic o
  4. board, [_], “open o”
  5. bought [a], orthographic a
  6. boy, [oy]
  7. bow, [aw]
21
Q

What is the generalization rule concerning vowel raising from OE to CE?

A

The rule is “long mid vowels raised to high tense vowels”

22
Q

Give two examples of the vowel raising from OE to CE, i.e. “long mid vowels raised to high tense vowels”.

1.
2.

A
  1. [ē] > [i] … e.g.: dēma > deem…
    bēte > beet… sēcan > seek…
    mētan > meet… cēpan > keep
  2. [ō] > [u] … e.g.: rōt > root
    hrōf > roof… mōd > mood
23
Q

The term “morphology” means the [______ and ______] of word [______]. It’s composed of [______] meaning [______] + [______] meaning [______].

A

The term “morphology” means [the study and description of word formation]. It’s composed of [morphe] meaning [shape] and [logos] meaning [study].

24
Q

The inflected forms “ybroken” and “yspoken” are from which period of English?

A

ME, Chaucer

25
Q

The “y” replaced [______] which was an earlier form used to create the [______ ______].

A

The “y” replaced [ge] which was an earlier form used to create the [past participle].

26
Q

The 6 inflections for verbs in English are:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A

The 6 inflections for verbs in English are:

  1. the infinitive
  2. 3rd singular present tense
  3. non-3rd singular present tense
  4. present participle
  5. past tense
  6. past participle
27
Q

Inflection changes [______ ______] of a [______] but not its [______].

A

Inflection changes the [grammatical function] of a [lexeme] but not it’s [meaning].

28
Q

Inflection only occurs after [______].

A

Inflection only occurs after [derivation].

29
Q

CE has a lot of inflection:

True or False?

A

False

Languages like Russian, Finnish, Hungarian all have lots of inflection.

30
Q

The term “lexicon” means the [______ of ______] that make up the [______ of a ______].

A

The term “lexicon” means the [set of words] that make up the [vocabulary of a language].

31
Q

The lexicon is fixed and does not change because it is unaffected by environment.

True or False?

A

False. The lexicon changes precisely because it is sensitive to the environment.

32
Q

The term “syntax” refers to how [______] fit together to form [______ and ______].

A

The term “syntax” refers to how [words] fit together to form [phrases and sentences].

33
Q

The term “semantics” refers to [______].

A

The term “semantics” refers to [meaning).

34
Q

Is meaning fixed or fluid?

Explain with 2 examples.

A

Meaning is not fixed, it can expand or narrow.

e. g.: “corn” used to mean “any kind of grain”, it has now narrowed to mean “a specific New World grain”.
e. g.: “quarantine” used to mean “isolate for 40 days” but has expanded to mean “isolate”.

35
Q

The structure of old words can be obscured by:

1.
2.

A

The structure of old words can be obscured by:

  1. pronunciation, i.e. phonetic changes
  2. word-building, i.e. morphological processes
36
Q

The term “dialect” refers to a [______ ______] of a ______] that is specific to a [______ ______] or [______ ______].

A

The term “dialect” refers to a [particular form of a language] that’s specific to a [geographical region] or [social group].

37
Q

Dialects are created through [______ ______] over ______] that [______ one ______ from ______].

A

Dialects are created through [small changes over time] that [differentiate one group from another].

38
Q

An example of two dialects that are both English but are mutually unintelligible is [______ ______ and ______ ______].

A

[Glaswegian English and Canadian English]

39
Q

An example of two “discrete” languages that are mutually intelligible is: [______ and ______]. These are dialects.

A

[Danish and German]

40
Q

Languages change to enhance [______ ______].

A

Languages change to enhance [group cohesion].

41
Q

Dialects are hard to fake consistently.

True of False?

A

True

42
Q

Within a dialectical group there can exist [______].

A

Within a dialectical group there can exist [subgroups].

43
Q

Dialects can differ in 3 main ways:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. pronunciation (phonetics)
  2. vocabulary (lexicon), e.g “elevator” vs. “lift”)
  3. meaning (semantics), e.g. “chesterfield”)
44
Q

In Fiji, there are [______] dialects among only [______] speakers.

A

In Fiji, there are [350] dialects among only [400,000] speakers.

45
Q

Dialects are [______] based.

A

Dialects are [village] based.

46
Q

The biggest driver of change in language comes from [______].

A

[adolescents]

Linguistics 110: Wonder of Words (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions