Lines 418-445

Question 1

Elements that Virgil deems important for a cultured civilisation (lines 421-429)

Answer 1

Homes
A Harbour
A Theatre
Law-making Establishments
A Holy Senate

Question 2

‘Iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi
imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces.’

And now they climbed the hill which looms most high over the city,
and looks down from above on the towers that face it.

Answer 2

Uses elision intentionally to make it sound rushed and full of expectation

Question 3

‘Instant ardentes Tyrii pars ducERE muros,
molirique arcem et manibus subvolvERE saxa’

The eager Tyrians press on, some building walls,
and raising the citadel and rolling up stones by hand,

Answer 3

Uses infinitives to emphasise the desire to ‘press on’ (‘instant’)

Question 4

‘sanctum senatum’

Answer 4

‘sanctum’ is a common epithet for the Roman Senate

Question 5

‘Miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam,
miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum.’

Aeneas marvels at the mass (of buildings), once huts,
he marvels at the gates and the bustle and the paving of the roads.

Answer 5

• Anaphora of ‘miratur’ (a verb).
• Unusual, as Virgil is usually more inclined to describe the same things twice using two different phrases.
• Emphasises Aeneas’ shock.
• Also continues to use elision for effect.

Question 6

‘molem’

mass (of buildings)

Answer 6

literally means mass or large rock, implications of MASSIVE construction.

Question 7

‘strepitumque et’

and the bustle and…

Answer 7

polysyndeton.
words are also next to each other for emphasis.
strepitum is highly onomatopoeic.

Question 8

‘hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris’

here some are digging a harbour: here others lay down
the deep foundations of a theatre

Answer 8

anaphora of ‘hic’

sense of buzzing and work.

Question 9

‘scaenis decora alta futuris.’

tall adornments for the future stage

Answer 9

could mean literal OR world stage.

also anachronism. More a description of Virgil’s Rome that Aeneas’ Carthage.

Question 10

‘Qualis’

just as…

Answer 10

introduces the most famous Virgilian simile- bees working together in a hive.
it is a paradigm for the perfect society.

Question 11

paradigm

Answer 11

A typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model.

Question 12

‘fucos’

drone

Answer 12

a non-working, male honeybee, whose main purpose in life is to mate with the queen-bee. Otherwise, they sit around feeding their faces.

Question 13

‘O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!’

O fortunate ones, those whose walls already rise!

Answer 13

Aeneas is jealous of the success of the Carthaginians – appropriate due to their predestination as the supreme enemy of Rome. They have a head start.

Question 14

‘primum iactati undis et turbine Poeni
effodere loco signum, quod regia Iuno
monstrarat, caput acris equi’

scattered by waves and storm the Phoenicians first
uncovered a sign, the head of a fierce horse, which regal Juno
showed them:

Answer 14

Further parallels emerge between Aeneas and the locals:

• both storm-driven
• both assured a new beginning in safe surroundings. by goddesses.

Question 15

lucus

grove

Answer 15

Servius comments that groves (small areas of trees) are usually sacred, therefore an appropriate place to build a temple.

Question 16

‘caput acris equi’

the head of a fierce horse

Answer 16

In ancient times horses represented extreme wealth.

It is a good omen from Juno.