Lines 365-417 Flashcards

1
Q

‘mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam’

… and bought land, as much as they could enclose with the hide

A

Ellipsis (leaving out of) of ‘sunt’ after ‘mercati’

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2
Q

Byrsa

A

name of the walled citadel and probably comes from the Akkadian word ‘birtu’.
Birtu was misunderstood as the Greek word ‘Bursa’ meaning a Bull’s hide, hence the story that the arrivals, granted as much land as a bull’s hide would enclose, cut it up into very thin strips and enclosed a huge area.

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3
Q

‘possent’

as they could

A

subjunctive

refers to what the natives said which was indefinite.

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4
Q

‘Sed vos qui tandem, quibus aut venistis ab oris,
quove tenetis iter?’

But who then (are you)? Or from what shores do you come?
What course do you take?

A

Venus asks questions knowing full well what the answers are – all part of her disguise.
It would be off for her not to question a “stranger” in this way as in the ancient world there are specific rituals associated with meeting people (known as xenia).

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5
Q

‘O dea, si prima repetens ab origine pergam,’

O goddess, if going right back to the start I might proceed at the beginning….

A

Continues referring to her as a goddess.
His comments about the length of his story are justified – Virgil uses the whole of Books 2-3 for him to recount his tale to Dido.

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6
Q

‘annalis’

story

A

An anachronistic term meaning the annals/yearly register of events.
It might be being used deliberately to convey a slight weariness on Aeneas part.

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7
Q

Vesper

A

The evening star.

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8
Q

Olympus

A

The heavens

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9
Q

‘ante diem clauso componat Vesper Olympo.’

…Before then Vesper would have shut day away within closed Olympus.

A

Aeneas is speaking to a god which might explain his ethereal tone.

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10
Q

‘Componat’

would have shut

A

Indicative is used rather than the subjunctive to convey greater certainty.

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11
Q

‘Italiam quaero patriam…’

I seek my country Italy

A

Venus explains in Book 3 that the Trojan ancestor Dardanus was originally from Italy and was also a son of Jupiter – hence Aeneas is returning the Trojans to their homeland.
The Trojan’s Italian heritage becomes important later when he forms various alliances with Italian leaders.

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12
Q

Phrygia

A

The Trojan region to the centre and west of Asia Minor

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13
Q

‘ab Iove summo’

born of Jupiter on High

A

Aeneas is Jupiter’s grandson

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14
Q

‘matre dea’

his mother, a goddess

A

requires divine intervention to fulfil his destiny

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15
Q

“Quisquis es, HAUD, credo, invisus caelestibus auras
vitalis carpis, Tyriam QUI adveneris urbem.”

Whoever you are I believe you don’t draw the breath of life
while hated by the gods, since you have reached a city of Tyre.

A
  • Venus briefly ignores Aeneas’ identification of himself.
  • positioning of ‘haud’ is emphatic, and taken with ‘invisus’ rather than ‘credo’.
  • ‘qui’ is casual, and therefore uses the subjunctive ‘adveneris’.
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16
Q

‘perge’

carry on

A

Emphatic imperative.
Not a suggestion.
Duplicated on line 401

17
Q

‘Namque tibi reduces socios classemque relatam’

for I announce to you that your friends are restored…

A

This is an indirect statement.

no ‘est’ (ellipsis), so it is harder to identify.

18
Q

Augury symbol of Venus

A

Swan

19
Q

Augury symbol of Jupiter

A

Eagle

20
Q

Augury

A

Common Roman technique of deciphering bird movement as prophecy.

21
Q

‘Aspice bis senos laetantis agmine cycnos’

See, those twelve swans rejoicing in a line

A

Relate to the number of lost ships

7 survived, just one was destroyed belonging to Orontes

22
Q

‘ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis,
et coetu cinxere polum, cantusque dedere’

As, returning, they play about with screeching wings,
and in a crowd they circle the zenith, and give their song

A

‘ut’ introduces the comparison here.

The scattered and then ordered arrangement of the birds directly relates to Aeneas’ ships after the storm.

23
Q

‘rosea cervice’, ‘odorem’, ‘vestis defluxit’, ‘incessu’

rose tinted neck, divine perfume, robes flowed, her step

A

These are the different ways that Aeneas recognises his mother.

24
Q

Ambrosia

A

Ambrosia is the perfume/food of the gods, referenced previously in Homer’s Iliad.
Gods are often recognised by their fragrance, especially when they are trying to disguise themselves.

25
Q

‘dea. ille’

goddess. when…

A

Hiatus after goddess.
Unusual. Makes you linger on it.
Highlights Aeneas astonishment?

26
Q
'ille ubi matrem'
when he (recognised) his mother
A

Emphatic placement of ‘matrem’ at end of line.

Personal relationship.

27
Q

‘totiens’

so often

A

shows that Aeneas is clearly used to this sort of treatment from his mother.

28
Q

‘Cur dextrae iungere dextram
non datur’
why am i not allowed to join hand with hand?

A
  • The joining of hands has greater significance in the ancient world than a simple handshake does now.
  • The offering of a right hand in particular showed warmth and high-esteem.
  • Aeneas uses the gesture when he greets his men and also his father (in the underworld).
  • Perhaps Venus rejects this because she is the goddess of sex, not love; or because she is protecting herself from the pain of possibly losing her son.
  • This is UNHOMERIC.
29
Q

‘at Venus obscuro gradientes aere saepsit’

But Venus veiled them with a dark mist as they walked

A

Homeric immitation

- Odysseus in Odyssey Book 7 sets off for a city surrounded in mist from Athena.

30
Q

‘et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu’

and the goddess spread a thick cloak of cloud around them

A

An example of Tmesis.
Homeric immitation.
‘circum…fudit’

31
Q

tmesis

A

The separation of parts of a compound word by an intervening word or words, used mainly in informal speech for emphasis.

32
Q

‘laeta’

with delight

A

Gods adore adoration- She is both happy to be back where she is loved, and believes that she has done a great thing for her son.

33
Q

‘cernere ne quis eos, neu quis contingere posset,
molirive moram, aut veniendi poscere causas.’

so that no one could see them, OR was able to touch them,
OR cause a delay, OR ask them where they were going.

A

Anaphora of ‘or’

She is trying to justify what she’s doing now because she feels guilty about her previous (in)actions

34
Q

sabean incense

A

Frankincense from Sheba (south-western Arabia)

35
Q

‘sedesque revisit
laeta suas’
And returns to her home

A

literally = seat

synecdoche