Lines 12-33

Question 1

‘antiqua’

ancient

Answer 1

described as ancient but at time novel it is a new city. Virgil commenting to Augustan Reader.
Connotations of being noble.

Question 2

‘Tyrii’

Tyrian

Answer 2

Tyre- city in Lebanon, home of Queen Dido before she fled Pygmalion (brother).
Brought the Tyrians to Carthage- she is building them a city.

Question 3

‘Karthago/Italiam’

Answer 3

Put close together to show juxtaposition between them.

Question 4

‘contra’

opposite/against

Answer 4

Double meaning implies both physical position as well as a link to the Punic wars (third century BC).
Fought three wars, Carthage was razed to the ground.

Question 5

‘Samo;’

Answer 5

Greek island with famous temple to Hera (Juno).

Hiatus after Samos, unusual. No elision.

Question 6

‘hic illius arma’

here were her weapons

Answer 6

Juno was a military goddess- needed somewhere to store weapons.
Roman God, with Phoenician city- because of Roman habit of ‘picking up’ Gods, by Virgil’s time she was already associated with a local Phoenician God.

Question 7

‘si qua fata sanino’

if only the fates allowed

Answer 7

come across as Juno’s own internal thoughts.

Question 8

‘tendit’ ‘fovet’

working cherishing

Answer 8

Present tense.

Question 9

‘progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci
audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces;’
But nevertheless she had heard of offspring derived from Trojan blood,
which would one day overthrow the Tyrian strongholds.

Answer 9

References to the Trojan war are introduced.
Describes events not in the Illiad, so not Homeric in style.
Could be trying to establish himself as more than a copy cat?

Question 10

‘verteret’

overturn/overthrow

Answer 10

Literally- in 29BC, Augustus decided to rebuild Carthage, and literally had the earth turned over and re-levelled.

Question 11

‘Superbum’

proud

Answer 11

Pejorative (disapproving) overtones.

Question 12

‘Parcas’

Fates

Answer 12

Originally goddesses of childbirth.

Varietal vocabulary.

Question 13

Saturnia

‘Daughter of Saturn’

Answer 13

Juno is the subject here. This phrase should be put on line 29?

Question 14

Argos

Answer 14

Important Greek City with temple to Juno.

Question 15

‘necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores
exciderant animo: manet alta mente repostum
iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae,
et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores.’
and the causes of her anger and bitter sorrows
had not yet passed from her mind: the distant judgement
of Paris stayed deep in her heart, the injury to her scorned beauty,
both her hatred of the race, and abducted Ganymede’s honours.

Answer 15

Parenthesis (a word or phrase inserted as an explanation or afterthought)
Where we almost hear Juno’s voice.

Question 16

‘irarum saevique dolores’

anger and bitter sorrow

Answer 16

Poetic plurals used for singular meaning

Question 17

‘necdum exciderant (…) iudicium Paridis (…) manet alta mente (…) iniuria’
had not yet passed (…) judgement of Paris (…) stayed deep in her hear (…) injury

Answer 17

Semantic field based on Juno’s ability to hold a grudge.
Main focus on Paris’s rejection, as it questions her sexual beauty.
Only revenge will calm her- Homeric concept

Question 18

‘genus invisum’

hatred of the race

Answer 18

Juno also probably hates Trojans because they are descended from Dardanus, a son of Jupiter not by Juno.

Question 19

‘rapti Ganymedis honores’

abducted Ganymede’s honours

Answer 19

Juno is also Jealous of Ganymede, a handsome Trojan chosen to be Jupiter’s cupbearer.

Question 20

‘Danaum’

Danai

Answer 20

Synonym fro Greeks, descendents of Danaus, Egyptian who fled to Argos. Not known how became synonymous.

Question 21

‘arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos
errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum.’
keeping them far from Latium: they wandered for many years,
driven by fate over all the seas.
Such an effort it was to found the Roman people.

Answer 21

A journey is a key feature of epic poetry.

Question 22

‘per annos errabant’

wandered for many years

Answer 22

Links Juno’s motives to Aeneas’s struggle

Question 23

‘acti fatis, maria omnia circum.’

by fate over all the seas

Answer 23

Fate is the underlying force which shapes the action of the poem.

Question 24

‘tantae molis’

such an effort

Answer 24

Draws together all of the ramblings above it.