Limitations Flashcards
Minimum flight crew
One pilot
One copilot
Kinds of operation
Day and night VFR
IFR
Icing Conditions
Enhanced gross weight
Ramp weight
65,400 lbs
Enhanced gross weight
Maximum takeoff weight
65,200 lbs
Enhanced gross weight
Maximum landing weight
62,000 lbs
Enhanced gross weight
Maximum zero fuel weight
58,000 lbs
Center of gravity limits
Enhanced gross weight
Forward limit
13.8% MAC
Center of gravity limits
Enhanced gross weight
Forward limit (53,000 lbs thru 65,200 lbs)
13.8% thru 17.7% MAC
Center of gravity limits
Enhanced gross weight
Aft limit
36.0% MAC
Maneuvering limit load factors
Flaps retracted
+ 2.5 g
- 1.0 g
Maneuvering limit load factors
Flaps extended
+ 2.0 g
0.0 g
Maximum fuel imbalance between main fuel tanks
600 lbs
Maximum operation speed (Vmo)
0 to 8,000 ft
245 KIAS
Maximum operation speed (Vmo)
10,000 ft
282 KIAS
Maximum operation speed (Vmo)
18,000 ft
286 KIAS
Maximum operation speed (Vmo)
20,000 ft
275 KIAS
Maximum operation speed (Vmo)
25,000 ft
248 KIAS
Flaps extended speed (Vfe)
Flaps 5
200 KIAS
Flaps extended speed (Vfe)
Flaps 10
181 KIAS
Flaps extended speed (Vfe)
Flaps 15
172 KIAS
Flaps extended speed (Vfe)
Flaps 35
158 KIAS
Maneuvering speed (Va)
204 KIAS
Landing gear operating speed (Vlo)
200 KIAS
Landing gear extended speed (Vle)
215 KIAS
Rough air speed
210 KIAS
Alternate gear extension speed
185 KIAS
Maximum operating altitude
25,000 ft
Maximum operating altitude for takeoff and landing
10,000 ft
For approach minimums on straight in and circle approaches the DHC-8-402 is a category __ aircraft.
C
The aircraft is only authorized for Cat __ approach minimums
I
Maximum runway slopes approved for takeoff and landing
+ 2%
- 2%
Maximum tailwind component approved for takeoff with flaps 10 or 15 or landing with flaps 35
20 kts
Maximum tailwind component approved for takeoff with flaps 5 of landing with flaps 10 or 15
10 kts
All flaps 35 landings will be done with a maximum flap setting of…
15 during the approach to the final segment.
Minimum runway width
100 ft
Maximum crosswind component for takeoff and landing on a hard, dry or wet runway
32 kts
Maximum crosswind component approved for takeoff and landing on a runway contaminated with dry loose snow or compacted snow
18 kts
Maximum crosswind component approved for takeoff and landing on a runway contaminated with standing water, slush, or wet snow
14 kts
Contaminated runway definition
More than 25% of surface is covered by any standing water, ice, slush, or snow
Airplane maximum operating ambient temperature limit
50C or ISA +35C, whichever is lower
Airplane minimum operating ambient temperature limit
-54C
If you park the airplane in temperatures lower than -15C for longer than 3 hours…
you must permit a warmup period for the displays that follow before they become functional.
Setting takeoff power prior to brake release with the nose of the airplane more than 45 degrees out of the wind…
is prohibited for wind speed greater than 8 kts.
Taxi limitations
Single engine taxi is not authorized
Reverse taxi is not authorized
Maximum taxi speed when clear of the runway environment
30 kts
Maximum taxi speed on contaminated surfaces
10 kts
Tank 1 and 2 auxiliary fuel pumps must be…
on for takeoff and landing.
Fuel heater limitation
Continuous operation with fuel heater outlet temperature indication below 0C or above 71 C is prohibited
Minimum oil pressure
44 psi
Oil pressure normal operating range
61 to 72 psi
Transient minimum oil pressure
44 to 61 psi
Minimum oil temperature for start
-40C
Minimum oil temperature above FLT IDLE
0C
Minimum oil temperature at DISC
-40C
Minimum oil temperature to unfeather the propeller
-18C
Maximum oil temperature at DISC
107C
Maximum continuous oil temperature PLA between DISC and FLT IDLE
125C
Minimum oil temperature above FLT IDLE
0C (55C for takeoff in icing conditions)
Maximum oil temperature above FLT IDLE
107C
Maximum continuous oil temperature above FLT IDLE
107C
Minimum oil temperature required to ensure engine air inlet ice protection in flight and within 3 minutes of setting takeoff power
65C
APU is approved for…
ground operations only.
APU must be shutdown…
prior to takeoff.
APU must not be operated unattended…
with passengers onboard.
during pressure refueling.
APU must not be operated during…
gravity refueling.
APU ambient temperature lower
-35C
APU ambient temperature upper
+50C or ISA +35C, whichever is lower
With APU inlet louvres installed, APU operation is limited to ___ maximum ambient temperature.
+21C
APU starter cranking limits
60 secs on, 5 mins off
60 secs on, maintenance action is required
Propeller make and model
Dowty Aerospace R408
Powerplant make and model
Pratt & Whitney PW150A
Powerplant ambient temperature limitation
-54C to +50C or ISA +35C, whichever is lower
Takeoff or landing with the bypass doors open or setting MTOP or MCP in flight with the bypass doors open, is prohibited at or above a maximum ambient temperature limitation of ___.
ISA +25C
Maximum altitude for air-start
20,000 ft
Automatic takeoff power uptrim
10% torque (nominal)
Max takeoff (MTOP) (limited to 5 mins)
Max Torque
106%
Max takeoff (MTOP) (limited to 5 mins)
Max ITT
880C
Max takeoff (MTOP) (limited to 5 mins)
Max Nl
100% rpm
Max takeoff (MTOP) (limited to 5 mins)
Max Nh
100% rpm
Max takeoff (MTOP) (limited to 5 mins)
Max Np
1020 (maximum allowable continuous overspeed is 1071 rpm)
Max takeoff (MTOP) (limited to 5 mins)
Oil press
61 to 72 PSID
Max takeoff (MTOP) (limited to 5 mins)
Oil temp
0 to 107C
Normal takeoff (NTOP)
Max torque
90.3 (NTOP torque indication will be 90% or 91%)
Normal takeoff (NTOP)
Max ITT
The normal takeoff ITT limit for a given ambient air temperature is given in “Variation of ITT with Ambient Air Temperature for NTOP”.
Normal takeoff (NTOP)
Max Nl
The normal takeoff Nh and Nl limit for a given ambient air temperature is given in “Variation of Nh and Nl with Ambient Air Temperature for NTOP”.
Normal takeoff (NTOP)
Max Nh
The normal takeoff Nh and Nl limit for a given ambient air temperature is given in “Variation of Nh and Nl with Ambient Air Temperature for NTOP”.
Normal takeoff (NTOP)
Max Np
1020 (maximum allowable continuous Np overspeed is 1071 rpm)
Normal takeoff (NTOP)
Oil press
61 to 72 PSID
Normal takeoff (NTOP)
Oil temp
0 to 107C
Max continuous (MCP)
Max torque
100%
Max continuous (MCP)
Max ITT
880C
Max continuous (MCP)
Max Nl
100% rpm
Max continuous (MCP)
Max Nh
100% rpm
Max continuous (MCP)
Max Np
1020 (maximum allowable continuous Np overspeed is 1071 rpm)
Maximum continuous (MCP)
Oil pressure
61 to 72 PSID
Maximum continuous (MCP)
Oil temperature
0 to 107C
Starting
Max ITT
920 (20 seconds maximum)
Starting
Oil pressure
100 Max 165 (maximum oil pressure at discing with OAT below 0C) PSID
Starting
Oil temperature
-40C min
Transient (20 seconds maximum)
Max torque
135%
Transient (20 seconds maximum)
Max ITT
920C
Transient (20 seconds maximum)
Max Nl
102.3% rpm
Transient (20 seconds maximum)
Max Nh
101.2% rpm
Transient (20 seconds maximum)
Max Np
1173 rpm
Transient (20 seconds maximum)
Oil temperature
125C Max (5 seconds maximum for torque values above flight idle and less than 55%)
Transient (20 seconds maximum)
Oil pressure
44 to 61 PSID
72 to 100 PSID
Max reverse
Max torque
35%
Max reverse
Max ITT
880C
Max reverse
Max Nl
100% rpm
Max reverse
Max Nh
100% rpm
Max reverse
Max Np
1020 rpm
Max reverse
Oil pressure
61 to 72 PSID
Max reverse
Oil temperature
0 to 107C
Powerplant starter cranking limits
70 secs on, 2 mins off
70 secs on, 2 mins off
70 secs on, 30 mins off
Maximum torque ground operation
100%
Minimum Nh ground operation
64.2%
Maximum wind speed for ground operation with the nose of the airplane more than 30 degrees out of the wind
50 kts
For wind speed greater than 8 knots with the nose of the airplane more than 30 degrees out of the wind the maximum power for ground maneuvering
9 to 20 kts - FLT IDLE (momentarily above)
21 to 35 kts - FLT IDLE
36 to 50 kts - FLT IDLE
Ground operations in winds greater than 50 knots must be…
recorded and the maximum wind speed provided to maintenance within 24 hours.
For wind speed greater than 8 knots with the nose of the airplane more than 30 degrees out of the wind the maximum power for ground static operation
9 to 20 kts - PLA at 60 degrees
21 to 35 kts - FLT IDLE
36 to 50 kts (gusts to 55 kts) - DISC
Inflight operation of the power levers aft of the FLT IDLE gate is…
prohibited.
Minimum SAT for engine relight
-40C
Standby, Auxiliary, and Main Battery
Maximum load meter reading for takeoff
0.1
Standby, Auxiliary, and Main Battery
Minimum battery temperature for takeoff
-20C
AC Gen, DC Gen, and TRU
Maximum load air/ground
1.0
Maximum altitude for extending or extended landing gear or wing flaps
15,000 ft
Maximum tire speed
182 kts
Normal cabin pressure differential limit
5.46 +/- 0.1 psi
Maximum cabin pressure differential limit
5.95 psi
Maximum cabin pressure differential limit during taxiing, takeoff and landing
0.5 psi
Maximum cabin altitude (pressurized flight)
8,000 ft
Wheel brake cooling limits
Brake cooling times must be observed between a landing or a low-energy rejected takeoff and a subsequent takeoff to ensure that sufficient brake energy is available to bring the airplane to a complete stop if the subsequent takeoff is rejected.
Engine intake bypass doors must be…
open for engine operation in icing conditions.
What ice is detected the AIRFRAME MODE SELECT selector must be…
positioned at FAST.
Definition of icing conditions
Icing conditions exist when the SAT on the ground and for takeoff is 10C or below, or SAT in flight is 5C or below, and visible moisture in any form is present (such as clouds, fog with visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow, sleet, or ice crystals). Icing conditions also exist when the SAT on the ground and for takeoff is 10C or below when operating on ramps, taxiways, or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water, or slush may be ingested by the engines or freeze on engines, nacelles or engine sensor probes.
AFCS is approved for autopilot approaches to…
CAT I limits only.
APP mode, autopilot engaged approaches, is approved for:
a. Flap 0 (minimum altitude 1,000 ft agl)
b. Flap 5, 10, 15, and 35
Autopilot must be disengaged…
in severe icing.
in severe atmospheric turbulence.
During autopilot operation the pilot must…
be seated at the controls with harness secured.
Use of VOR without associated DME…
is prohibited in APP mode.
After takeoff or go around the minimum height for autopilot engagement is _____.
1000 ft agl
For non-precision approaches the autopilot must be disengaged at or above _____.
200 ft agl
An autopilot approach must not be continued past the final approach fix or 1000 feet agl, whichever is lower,…
with an inoperative engine.
Autopilot and flight director only approaches are approved for glideslope angles of ___ to a maximum of ___.
2.5 degrees to a maximum of 4 degrees
Autopilot approaches have been demonstrated in crosswind components up to ____. This is not considered limiting.
18 kts
On precision approaches the autopilot must be disengaged at or above a minimum altitude of ______.
200 ft agl
The use of Vertical Speed Mode (VS) for climbs greater than ______ altitude change are prohibited.
2000 ft
Cargo compartment limitation
Unless the forward and aft cargo compartments are empty, the airplane must not be operated further than 1 hour flying time from a suitable airport for landing.
Flight compartment limitation
HOT MIC switches on the pilot and copilot ARCDU must be OFF and the INT/RAD switch on the observers Audio Control Panel must be centered when using the cockpit speakers.
Integrated Standby Instrument limitation
With Integrated Standby Instrument installed the airplane must not be operated further than 1 hour flying time from a suitable airport for landing.
To ensure uninterrupted operation of the pilot’s and copilot’s PFD, MFD, and ED…
electrical power must be cycled on all displays once every 24 hours.
Approach navigation is…
prohibited with the FMS database expired.
IFR enroute and terminal navigation is…
prohibited with the FMS database expired unless the pilot verifies the waypoints for accuracy by reference to current publications.
When using previously stored flight plans and waypoints…
the waypoints must be verified for accuracy by reference to current publications prior to their use.
The aircraft must have approved navigation equipment appropriate to…
the route of flight installed and operating so as to provide an alternate means of navigation.
Flight above 73 degrees north latitude and below 60 degrees south latitude using the FMS may be conducted only…
when magnetic variation is input manually into the system or an alternate true heading source is used and no manual variation has been input.
Fuel display parameter is advisory only and…
must not be used as the primary means for computing fuel load and range.
Instrument approaches must be conducted in the approach mode and for GPS approaches…
RAIM must be available at the final approach fix.
The FMS may only be used for navigation guidance if the reference coordinated data system for the intended route…
is referenced to in WGS-84 or NAD-83.
Instrument approaches must be accomplished in accordance with…
instrument approach procedures that are retrieved from the FMS database.
On RNAV approaches where vertical guidance (VNAV mode) is used…
the company must bug MDA plus 50 ft. This is referred to as a derived descent altitude (DDA) and allows for dip during a missed approach without descending below the charted LNAV MDA.
Navigation by means of pilot-defined non published approaches…
under instrument meteorological conditions is prohibited.
P-RNAV operations may only be conducted…
with the FMS in terminal mode.
When altitudes are manually entered before or after the temperature compensation function is activated…
it may produce VNAV paths with climb segments and result in a VNAV disconnect.
The captain must ensure displayed guidance data for non-usable station is not used for…
navigation purposes by the flight crew.
The automatic function in the FMS does not always inhibit tuning of…
an inoperative or unreliable station.
The UNS-1E is approved for…
VFR/IFR enroute, terminal, and approach LNAV and VNAV operations.
Prior to flight using the FMS for IFR navigation…
any DME NOTAM’d as unreliable or in test mode for approach or departure procedures to be flown must be inhibited in the FMS.
FMS based ILS and MLS approaches are…
prohibited.
Whenever navigation is predicated on the FMS…
the Operator’s Manual Report No. 2423sv801 (or equivalent at current revision) must be available to the flight crew.
VNAV vertical path angles greater than __ in enroute and terminal mode and greater than __ in approach mode are prohibited.
6 degrees, 4 degrees
SCN 802.2, SCN 802.8: Manually entered altitudes will not have an altitude correction applied when…
temperature compensation function is activated.
All manually entered altitudes must be adjusted with the appropriate temperature correction before they are…
entered into the FMS even if the temperature compensation function is not active.
Flight compartment door limitation
The flight compartment door must be closed and locked at all times during flight except to provide access and egress as required per the FOM and SOP400.
Minimum portable oxygen pressure for dispatch at 70F
1600 psi
Minimum crew oxygen pressure for dispatch at 70F
3 crew 1450 psi, 2 crew 1050 psi
Route limitation
The route of flight must be within one hour flight time of a suitable airport in still air at normal cruising speed with one engine inoperative.
Takeoff alternates for the DHC-8-402 must be within…
250 nm of the departure airport.
Republic airlines imposed light limitations
On the ground operation of landing lights (approach and flare) is limited to 5 minutes.