Limbic System

Question 1

limbic functions

Answer 1

homeostasis, olfaction, memory, emotion (HOME)

Question 2

Papez’s structures (OG)

Answer 2

cingulate, hippocampus, fornix, mammillary bodies, anterior thalamus (cingle out the hippos for mammillary ants)

Question 3

expanded papez

Answer 3

added prefrontal cortex, association cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus

Question 4

common limbic physiologic/neurologic properties

Answer 4

herpes, seizures, cholinergic inervation and opiate receptors

Question 5

septal nuclei + nucleus basalis of meynert

Answer 5

cholinergic input for brain (memory)

Question 6

mesocorticolimbic dopamine system

Answer 6

positive reinforcing brain mechanisms (drugs and pleasure)

Question 7

tract: fornix

Answer 7

connects hippocampus to mammillary and septal nuclei (major efferent)

Question 8

tract: mammillothalamic tract

Answer 8

connects mammillary bodies to anterior thalamus

Question 9

tract: perforant path

Answer 9

connects entorhinal cortex to dentate (hippocampus afferent)

Question 10

cingulate cortex (rostral, caudal)

Answer 10

rostral: emotions and motor; caudal: visual spatial and memory

Question 11

orbital frontal lobe

Answer 11

personality, behavioral control, self-awareness

Question 12

temporal lobe (hippo, parahippo, entorhinal cortex)

Answer 12

memory

Question 13

inner core/subcortical components of limbic

Answer 13

anterior thalamic nucleus, mammillary body, hypothalamic nuclei, septal nuclei

Question 14

hypothalamus fxn

Answer 14

pleasure center, autonomic, endocrine integration

Question 15

amygdala

Answer 15

preservation of self behaviors (social, aggression), attribtues affective significance to visual stimuli, lesion = tameness. PTSD. response to faces. integration of emotions, fear and memory.

Question 16

septum/septal region

Answer 16

preservation of species behaviors (sexual, emotionality). tumor of septal region –> rage attack

Question 17

tract: stria terminalis

Answer 17

connects amygdala with septum, hypothalamus, bed nuclei, nucleus accumbens

Question 18

tract: ventral amygdalofugal pathway

Answer 18

connects amygdala with hypothalamus, brainstem, septum

Question 19

medial forebrain bundle

Answer 19

connects hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala and brainstem nuclei

Question 20

Kluver-Bucy

Answer 20

bilateral large temporal lobe lesions (amygdala, hippo, uncus) –> psychic blindness, visual agnosia, oral tendencies, hypermetamorphosis, tameness/placidity, hypersexuality

Question 21

etiology of kluver-bucy

Answer 21

herpetic viral encephalitis, anoxia, Pick’s disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, alzheimer’s

Question 22

Geschwind syndrome

Answer 22

sensory limbic HYPERconnection, increased concern with philosophical/cosmic/religious issues, hyposexuality, hypergraphia, interpersonal stickiness

Question 23

interictal personality

Answer 23

hyperconnection

Question 24

kluver-bucy syndrome

Answer 24

disconnection

Question 25

most pleasurable regions

Answer 25

lateral hypothalamus, medial forebrain bundle (catecholamines, dopaminergic systems) and nucleus accumbens

Question 26

addictive drug system

Answer 26

mesolimbic dopamine system

Question 27

pain and punishment

Answer 27

lesions to ventromedial nucleus of hypothal produces pain

Question 28

hippocampus

Answer 28

acquisition of facts and events (declarative memory). lesion –> amnestic states.

Question 29

declarative memory (medial temporal lobe)

Answer 29

episodic (events) & semantic (facts)

Question 30

hippocampal formation

Answer 30

hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum. (neocortex too).

Question 31

Wernicke Korsakoff’s

Answer 31

chronic alcoholism, thiamine deficiency. acute = encephalopathy, chronic = anterograde & retrograde amnesia. lesions in mammillary bodies and thalamus

Question 32

lesion of cingulate (anterior?)

Answer 32

contralateral motor neglect, abolish conditioned emotional responses. blunting. can treat OCD. sociopathy? akinetic mutism (anterior).

Question 33

tourette’s

Answer 33

anterior cingulate abnormalities. reduced TS stx seen after disconnection of AC from thalamus

Question 34

anterior cingulate function

Answer 34

integration of thought, motivation and emotion with movement

Question 35

orbital frontal lob syndrome

Answer 35

disinhibited, tactless, bawdy, boastful, grandiose (phineas gage)

Question 36

frontal or dorsolateral syndrome

Answer 36

apathetic, slow, automaton-like, vacant

Question 37

medial frontal syndrome

Answer 37

akinetic mutism, inert, speechless but intact sleep/wake cycle