Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

cerebral cortex subdivision

Answer 1

archicortex (hippocampus & dentate gyrus), paleocortex (olfactory cortex), neocortex

Question 2

6 lobes of cerebral cortex

Answer 2

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital + insula, limbic

Question 3

6 cellular layers of neocortex

Answer 3

molecular layer, external granular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal granular layer, internal pyramidal layer, multiform layer

Question 4

areas 3, 1, 2

Answer 4

primary somatosensory cortex (contralateral, somatotopic, homunculus) –> contralateral loss of somesthetic sensations

Question 5

area 4

Answer 5

primary motor cortex (contralateral, somatotopic, homunculus) –> contralateral spastic paralysis

Question 6

area 17

Answer 6

primary visual cortex (visuotopic) –> contralateral hemianopia or contralateral inferior inferior or superior quadrantanopia

Question 7

areas 41, 42

Answer 7

primary auditory cortex (tonotopic, binaural) –> bilateral lesions only = hearing loss

Question 8

areas 44, 45

Answer 8

Broca’s, motor area of speech (left usually) –> dominant side lesion = motor aphasia, broca’s aphasia; non-dominant = difficulty expressing emotional aspect of language

Question 9

area 6

Answer 9

premotor cortex

Question 10

association cortical areas of parietal lobe

Answer 10

posterior parietal lobe, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule (40, 39)
lesion: dominant –> astereognosis, aphasia, alexia & agraphia.
non-dominant –> spatial distortion, contralateral neglect

Question 11

association cortical areas of occipital lobe

Answer 11

secondary visual cortex, association cortical areas, 32 visual areas. lesions = variety of visual defects

Question 12

association cortical areas of temporal lobe

Answer 12

wenicke’s (posterior superior temporal gyrus), language comprehension.
dominant lesion –> sensory aphasia, wenicke’s aphasia, or receptive aphasia.
non-dominant –> difficulty comprehending emotional aspect of language