ANS

Question 1

postganglionic neurotransmitter for sympathetics

Answer 1

most target organs: NE, sweat glands and vasodilator fibers: ACh

Question 2

edinger-westphal nucleus –>

Answer 2

CN III, ciliary ganglion to sphincter pupillae m.

Question 3

superior salivatory nucleus –>

Answer 3

CN VII, pterygopalatine, submandibular; lacrimal gland, sublingual and submandibular glands

Question 4

inferior salivatory nucleus –>

Answer 4

CN IX, otic ganglion, parotid gland

Question 5

dorsal motor nucleus –>

Answer 5

CN X, myenteric & submucosal (terminal); smooth muscle, glands of GI tract

Question 6

vasovagal syncope

Answer 6

peripheral venous/splanchnic pooling activates low pressure mechanoreceptors, withdrawal of sympathetic activity/increase in vagal activity –> inappropriate peripheral vasodilation and bradycardia (hypotension and syncope)

Question 7

horner’s syndrome due to

Answer 7

loss of sympathetic innervation

Question 8

wallenberg syndrome

Answer 8

dysarthria, dysphagia, checkerboard contralateral loss of P&T/ipsi loss of facial sensation, horner’s (damage to PICA)

Question 9

autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 9

T5 and above, sympathetic hyperreflexia, stimulus causes activation of sympathetic outflow (too much for the stimulus), hypertension + compensatory slow pulse

Question 10

micturition

Answer 10

parasymp activation for pelvic splanchnic nerves –> contraction of detrussor

Question 11

urinary storage

Answer 11

T11-L2, lumbar splanchnic nerves –> contraction of internal urethral sphincter
somatic motor innervation (S2-S4/pudendal n) –> contraction of external urethral sphincter

Question 12

Hirschprung’s disease

Answer 12

absence of myenteric plexus, no ganglion cells between layers of muscularis external –> no peristalsis in denervated colon, proximal colon distended. surgical correction (colostomy + reanastomosis)