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joeli unit 3 > Limbic system > Flashcards

Limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

what is responsible for behavior, planning, decision making, and social behavior

A

prefrontal cortex

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2
Q

damage to what structure can cause infantile personality

A

prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

a collection of structures that control emotion

A

limbic system

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4
Q

what structures control limbic system

A

PATCH HO

prefrontal cortex
amygdala
thalamus
cingulate gyrus
hypothalamus

hippocampus
olfactory connections

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5
Q

damage to what structure will cause anterograde amnesia

A

hippocampus

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6
Q

what structure is important in memory consolidation/short-term memory

A

hippocampus

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7
Q

stimulation of amygdala can cause

A

anxiety
anger
violence

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8
Q

depression of amygdala can cause

A

hyperorality
hypersexuality
decreased inhibition
reckless behavior

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9
Q

the amygdala has output to what 2 structures

A

hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

what structure regulates the autonomic nervous system

A

hypothalamus

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11
Q

what structure regulates pain and emotion

A

cingulate gyrus

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12
Q

what structure drives conscious response to negative experiences

A

cingulate gyrus

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13
Q

where does the tuberoinfundibular pathway originate and where does it send signals through

A

originates in hypothalamus and sends signals through infundibulum to pituitary gland

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14
Q

dopamine inhibits the release of prolactin via what receptors

A

D2 receptors

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15
Q

what cells are involved in the inhibition of prolactin

A

pituitary lactotroph cells

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16
Q

where does the nigrostriatal pathway originate and where does it project

A

originates in substantia nigra and projects to caudate and putamen

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17
Q

collection of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain

A

ventral tegmental area

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18
Q

where is the ventral Tegmental area POSITIONED

A

between substantia nigra

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19
Q

the ventral tegmental area gives rise to what 2 pathways

A

mesolimbic
mesocortical

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20
Q

what are the components of the mesocortical pathway

A

ventral tegmental area
prefrontal cortex
cingulate gyrus

21
Q

when does the mesocortical pathway mature

A

adolescence/young adulthood

22
Q

amphetamines can increase dopamine in the mesocortical pathway which has what effect on cognition

A

amphetamines –> increased cognition

23
Q

where does the mesocortical pathway originate and where does it project

A

mesocortical pathway originates in the ventral tegmental area and projects to the prefrontal cortex

24
Q

which pathway is referred to as the “reward pathway”

A

mesolimbic pathway

25
Q

where does the mesolimbic pathway originate in where does it project

A

mesolimbic pathway originates in the ventral Tegmental area and projects to the nucleus accumbens

26
Q

what are the components of the mesolimbic system

A

ventral tegmental area
nucleus accumbens
limbic system - connects this pathway with amygdala and hippocampus

27
Q

which substances directly increased dopamine

A

amphetamines
cocaine
nicotine

28
Q

which substances indirectly increase dopamine

A

opiates
alcohol

29
Q

which causes a greater release of dopamine: expected or unexpected reward

A

unexpected reward causes greater release of dopamine

30
Q

quality of being noticeable or important

A

salience

31
Q

in which pathway do we experience euphoria or ‘the high’

A

mesolimbic pathway

32
Q

what part of our memory is reduced in times of stress? what pathway is this implicated in?

A

working memory
mesocortical pathway

33
Q

negative symptoms in schizophrenia are due to

A

mesocortical dysfunction

34
Q

positive symptoms in schizophrenia are due to

A

overstimulation of mesolimbic pathway

35
Q

what is the primary event in schizophrenia

A

mesocortical damage

36
Q

people with schizophrenia have loss of what type of memory

A

working memory

37
Q

are NMDA receptors hyper functioning or hypo functioning in schizophrenia

A

NMDA receptors are hypo functioning in schizophrenia

38
Q

what are the primary receptors implicated in schizophrenia

A

5-HT2 subtypes

39
Q

dopamine binding to nicotine receptors has what effect

A

enhances auditory sensory gating –> reduced auditory hallucinations

40
Q

the volume of what structure is reduced in patients with MDD

A

hippocampus

41
Q

what 3 NT are decreased in MDD

A

serotonin
norepinephrine
dopamine

42
Q

serotonin mnemonic

A

SER

sleep
emotion
remember

43
Q

norepinephrine mnemonic

A

NOR

no hesitation
on alert
recall memory
cognitive alertness

44
Q

dopamine mnemonic

A

DOP

determination
obsession
pleasure

45
Q

we have overactivity of what NT in autism

A

glutamate

46
Q

what have decreased of what NT in autism

A

GABA

47
Q

removal of debris and dead neurons

A

pruning

48
Q

we see overgrowth of what structures in autism

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
limbic system

49
Q

what very specific structure in the limbic system is overgrown in autism

A

amygdala

joeli unit 3 (7 decks)

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