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joeli unit 3 > CVA, ICH, Cerebral flow > Flashcards

CVA, ICH, Cerebral flow Flashcards

1
Q

which artery provides posterior circulation

A

vertebral artery

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2
Q

supplies brainstem, cerebellum, posterior cerebrum

A

vertebral A

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3
Q

ACA affects mostly

A

the leg

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4
Q

MCA affects mostly

A

the arm and face

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5
Q

PCA affects

A

vision and hearing

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6
Q

PICA affects/causes

A

cerebellar signs

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7
Q

supplies brainstem and cerebellar

A

basilar artery

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8
Q

large artery of basilar artery causes

A

permanent disability, coma, death

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9
Q

what other specific types of symptoms can occlusion of basilar artery cause

A

bulbar symptoms (facial weakness, dysphonia, dysarthria, limited jaw movement, ocular symptoms)

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10
Q

basilar artery can cause pontine ischemia affecting which cranial nerves

A

5
6
7
8

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11
Q

most common symptom if extracranial vertebral artery affected

A

dizziness

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12
Q

what can cause extracranial vertebral artery ischemia/occlusion

A

atherosclerosis
compression near upper cervical vertebra in elderly

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13
Q

what does the epidural space contain

A

meningeal arteries

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14
Q

causes of subdural hematoma

A

shearing force
atrophy in brain in elderly
AD
shaken baby

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15
Q

most common type of stroke (80-85%)

A

ischemic stroke

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16
Q

stroke caused by LOCAL obstruction

A

thrombosis

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17
Q

what can cause thrombotic stroke

A

arteriosclerosis

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18
Q

stroke caused by debris originating elsewhere and moving to cerebral vasculature

A

embolism

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19
Q

what can cause embolic stroke

A

clot caused by atrial fibrillation

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20
Q

stroke caused by general circulatory problem which can be due to cardiac failure leading to widespread hypoperfusion

A

systemic hypoperfusion

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21
Q

hemorrhagic stroke/bleed within the brain

A

intracerebral stroke

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22
Q

hemorrhagic stroke/bleed surrounding the brain into CSF

A

subarachnoid

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23
Q

HTN, trauma, drug use causes what type of hemorrhagic stroke

A

intracerebral

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24
Q

where does lacunar infarct commonly occur

A

basal ganglia
pons
subcortical white matter

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25
lacunar infarct is primarily caused by
lipohyalinosis
26
what is the biggest risk factor is lacunar infarct
HTN
27
in the ischemic cascade we switch from __ to ____
aerobic pathway to anaerobic pathway
28
decreased and absent blood supply and how it affects glucose and oxygen
decreased glucose and oxygen
29
increase in sodium causes what
influx of water causing CYTOTOXIC EDEMA
30
what other ion besides sodium will remain in the cell during the ischemic cascade
calcium
31
increased in calcium causes too much release of what NT
glutamate
32
calcium buildup causes what enzymes to be released
protease lipase
33
anaerobic pathway causes increased
lactic acid
34
area affected directly by ischemia
ischemic core
35
area surrounding ischemic core
ischemic penumbra
36
alteplase should be given within
4.5 hours, ideally within 3
37
mechanical thrombectomy can be performed for what
large artery anterior circulation clot
38
when can mechanical thrombectomy be performed
within 24 hours of last known well
39
first image performed in someone suspected for stroke
non-contrast CT
40
when should imaging be performed
within 25 min
41
when should image be interpreted
within 45 min
42
apraxia is what type of disorder
a cognitive disorder
43
is apraxia a primary motor disorder
no
44
apraxia commonly results due to damage to what lobe
parietal
45
aphasia usually occurs do to damage to what hemisphere
left hemisphere
46
in what type of aphasia do patients sometimes have right hemiparesis
broca's aphasia
47
in what type of aphasia do patients sometimes have right superior visual field defect
wernicke's aphasia
48
in what type of aphasia is motor spared
wernicke's aphasia
49
what types of cells regulate cerebral blood flow
pericytes
50
where is CSF primarily produced
lateral and third ventricles
51
how much CSF is produced
600-700 mL
52
in what space does communicating hydrocephalus occur
subarachnoid
53
common causes of communicating hydrocephalus
subarachnoid hemorrhage infection/meningitis
54
common causes of non-communicating hydrocephalus
tumor stenosis
55
occlusion of what 4 places can cause hydrocephalus
interventricular foramen cerebral aqueduct foramen of magende foramen of Luschka
56
early response in increased ICP
CSF displaced into lumbar cistern decreased cerebral blood flow
57
late response in increased ICP
reduced production of CSF increased absorption of CSF
58
when body is unable to compensate for increased ICP
brain herniation
59
what lobe is herniated downwards in uncle herniation
temporal lobe
60
what nerve is affected in uncal herniation
cranial nerve 3
61
compression of cranial nerve 3 causes
ipsilateral dilation of pupil
62
uncal herniation compresses what two arteries
PCA basilar A
63
compression of PCA in uncal herniation can cause
occipital CVA + homonymous hemianopia
64
compression of basilar A in uncal herniation can cause
decreased supply to brainstem
65
what herniation is associated with kernohan's notch
uncal herniation
66
external herniation
transcalvarial herniation
67
cingulate gyrus herniates under falx cerebri
cingulate herniation
68
what artery is compressed in cingulate herniation
ACA --> CVA
69
which type of herniation often precedes other supratentorial hernations
cingulate herniation
70
diencephalon slipped under tentorium
central herniation
71
what nerve palsy do we see in central herniation
CN6
72
someone with tonsillar herniation commonly presents with
headache neck pain
73
what arteries does the subclavian supply
brachial A axillary A
74
from what artery does the subclavian artery steal from
vertebral A
75
does blood flow anterogradely or retrogradely in subclavian steal
retrogradely

joeli unit 3 (7 decks)

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