Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embryology > Limb Development > Flashcards

Limb Development Flashcards

1
Q

Which molecule instructs the dermatome to become dermis?

A

Neurotrophin 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sonic hedgehog and noggin induce formation of which somite derivative?

A

Sclerotome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the lateral somatic frontier?

A

The conceptual barrier between each somite and the lateral plate ,mesoderm, it separates the somite derived primaxial domain and the lateral plate mesoderm derived abaxial domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The border between the dermis derived from dermatome and the dermis derived from the lateral plate mesoderm is defined by…?

A

Lateral somatic frontier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do primaxial signals come from?

A

Neural tube and notochord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do abaxial signals come from?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epaxial muscles are innervated by dorsal primary rami. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypaxial muscles are innervated by dorsal primary rami. T/F?

A

False - they are innervated by ventral primary rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors of a cell can be affected by differentiation?

A

Cell size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity and responsiveness to signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At the end of which week in development do the limb buds appear?

A

Week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does limb morphogenesis take place?

A

Weeks 4-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The lower limbs differentiate before the upper limbs. T/F?

A

False the opposite is true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is mesenchymal connective tissue composed of?

A

A matrix of collagen fibres, hyaluronic acid and glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the limb buds consist of?

A

Mesenchymal core from the parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm covered jn a layer of cuboidal ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the thickening of the distal ectoderm border of the limb bud?

A

Apical ectodermal ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The secretion of what, initiates limb outgrowth?

A

FGF10

17
Q

Which signalling molecule is expressed by the dorsal ectoderm of the limb bud?

A

Radical fringe

18
Q

Which transcription factor is expressed on the ventral side of the limb bud?

A

Engrailed 1

19
Q

Which factors are essential for the maintenance of the undifferentiated zone of the apical ectodermal ridge?

A

FGF 4 and 8

20
Q

The AER and mesoderm of the limb bud have an inductive relationship. T/F?

A

True

21
Q

During which week of development do the terminal portion of the limb buds become flattened into hand and foot plates?

A

Week 6

22
Q

Constrictions divide the limb bud into three segments which will go on to become the arm/thigh, forearm/leg and hand/foot. T/F?

A

True

23
Q

What is the order of the developmental components of the limb buds which will become the arm/thigh, forearm/leg and hand/foot, from most proximal to most distal?

A

Stylopod
Zeugopod
Autopod

24
Q

The positioning of the limbs along the craniocaudal axis is regulated by which family of genes?

A

HOX genes

25
Q

Which HOX gene is only expressed in the hand and wrist during development?

A

HOX12

26
Q

Which HOX gene is only expressed in the hand, wrist and forearm during development?

A

HOX 11

27
Q

Which HOX gene is only expressed in the hand during development?

A

HOX13

28
Q

Which HOX gene is only expressed in the hand, wrist, forearm and arm during development?

A

HOX 10

29
Q

Which HOX gene is expressed throughout the whole upper limb during development?

A

HOX9

30
Q

Which factors denote the development of the upper limb vs lower limb?

A

TBX 5 upper limb

TBX 4 and PITX1 lower limb

31
Q

By what day in development is digit separation complete?

A

Day 56

32
Q

During which week in development does limb rotation occur?

A

Week 7

33
Q

What is the first bone to ossify?

A

Clavicle

34
Q

The primary centres of ossification are present in all long bones by which week in development?

A

Week 12

35
Q

The expression of what molecule drives the differentiation of cells into chondrocytes during development?

A

BMPs

Embryology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions