Lifestyle Factors - Substance Use / Personal Hygiene

Question 1

Which substances get misused commonly?

Answer 1

• Alcohol
• Nicotine
• Illegal drugs
• Prescribed drugs

All have side effects

Question 2

What leads to substance misuse?

Answer 2

Lack of equipment and education causes people to misuse the substances.

Question 3

1) What is alcohol good for?
2) What is alcohol bad for?

Answer 3

1) Protects against the coronary heart disease for men and post menopausal women as it reduces stress and helps to relax and gives a feeling of wellbeing
2) If drunk in excess, it leads to many severe health conditions that can be fatal.

Question 4

1) How much does the UK government recommends for consuming alcohol?
2) What is binge drinking?

Answer 4

1) The UK government suggest sthat both females and males should not exceed 14 units a week.

2) Binge drinking is drinking something heavily over a short time.

Question 5

1) Which health conditions are caused by excess drinking?
2) Why is alcohol addictive? (stimulates what?)

Answer 5

• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Liver disease
• Digestive problems

Alcohol is addictive because it stimulates the release of dopamine and endorphins in the brain and these chemicals produce the feelings of pleasure and satisfaction.

Question 6

List the short and term effects of alcohol.

Answer 6

Short term:
* Hangover and alcohol poisoning
* Falls and accidents
* Risky behaviour
* Slurred speech
* Muscle weakness

Long term:
* Affects and brain and nervous system
* Weakens immune system
* Heart failure
* Weak memory
* Decreased sex drive
* Liver damage; Cirrhosis

Question 7

1) What is Nicotine?
2) Why might someone choose to smoke despite the warnings on the packaging?

Answer 7

1) An addictive drug found in tobacco (cigarettes).
2) Someone may choose the smoke to avoid the pains and get stess relief or they might have been peer pressured.

Question 8

1) What are the two UK laws of smoking?
2) What is the UK’s new law of smoking?

Answer 8

1) In UK you must be over 18 to buy cigarattes; smoking is banned in enclosed public areas or places of work and its a legal duty to display a no-smoking baord in these areas.
2) The new smoking law in UK 2023 states that anyone who turns 14 in 2023 and younger to legally stop selling cigarettes to them.

Question 9

1) Health conditions caused by smoking.
2) Physical effects of smoking.

Answer 9

Health conditions:
* Lung cancer
* Heart disease
* Stroke
* Diabetes
* Eye disease
* Asthma

Physical effects:
* Yellow teeth
* Bad breath
* Pesistent cough
* Wrinkles around eyes; eye bags

Question 10

1) What is carbon monoxide?
2) Impacts of this gas on body?

Answer 10

1) A colourless, odourless and toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon.

2) It causes:
* dizzines
* weakness
* nausea
* vomiting
* rapid heart beat
* seizures

Question 11

1) Why shouldn’t a pregnant lady smoke?
2) How might smoking affect someone’s social development?

Answer 11

1) It’s prohibited because it increases the risks of health issues such as miscarriage and premature labour. The baby will then be at a risk of sudden death in infancy and have an unhealthy low birth weight.

2) Smoking can affect a person’s social development as people might avoid to interact with them because of their bad breath and stop others too. They might also avoid in the fear of getting peer pressured.

Question 12

Effects of substance misuse on an individual’s PIES.

Answer 12

Physical: liver and kidney damage, changes in heart rate and appetite, may lead to imparied conditions, muscle weakness, respiratory issues
Intellectual: loss of concentration, impaired cognitive function, difficulty in memorising and decision-making, may lead to changes in the structure of the brain
Emotional: anxiety, mood swings, depression, changes in personality, can make previous mental heath problems recur
Social: loss of friends, loss of bond and attachment between family and friends, isolation, sense of loneliness, cause conflict in personal and professional life, difficulty in maintaining employment

Question 13

What are the positive short and long term effects of the substances?

Answer 13

Positive short term:
* helps relief stress for abit
* helps to forget the bad moments
* to feel good as the subtances produce intense feelings of pleasure

Positive long term:
* if taken under supervision, it can can postive effects on anxiety and depression
* promotes increased empathy and personal growth

Question 15

Common long term effects of alcohol and nicotine

Answer 15

• increases the risk of developing cancers
• affects the respiratory system
• increases cardiovascular problems

Question 16

Name different types of illegal drugs

Answer 16

• Speed
• Ecstasy
• Bath salts
• Cocaine
• Methadone
• Heroin
• Crack cocain

Question 17

1) How much does the Eat Well Guide recommends to eat and what does it includes?
2) How much intake is recommended for women and men?

Answer 17

1) It’s recommended that you should eat at least 5 portions everyday, which includes fruits, vegetables, dairy products, fats and carbohydrates.
2) Women’s intake should be 2,000 calories per day.
Men’s intake should be 2,500 calories per day.

Question 18

What are the impacts of being overweight on a person?

Answer 18

• Difficulty in exercise
• Miss out on learning/working due to appointments
• Miss out on sporting events; skiing
• Less successful in job interviews
• Leads to embarassment and self-conciousness
• Reduces life expectancy
• Less energy; inactive
• Struggle with basic movements
• More prone to health conditions; diabtetes or cardiovascular conditions

Question 19

1) What are the benefits of exercising?
2) How might someone exercise who has limited mobility?

Answer 19

• Better sleep
• Better self-esteem
• Improved concentration
• Reliefs stress
• Better at socialising
• Lower blood pressure and cholesterol
• Personal satisfaction
• Improved muscle mass

2)
* walking; strengthens the muscles and reduced BP
* chair yoga; increases flexibility and reduces stiffness
* hip marching; strenghtens hips and thighs and improved flexibility
* swimming; reduced weight and pressure from the joints and improved cardiovascular fitness as it’s a full body workout

Question 20

What does lack of exercise leads to?

Answer 20

• stiffening of joints
• obesity
• poor stamina, strength and suppleness
• stroke
• poor developed heartand skeletal muscle
• sluggish blood flow

Question 21

Define hygiene, germs and plaques.

1) Where and how do germs develop?
2) Which parts are important to personal hygiene?

Answer 21

Hygiene: refers to the things we do to keep our body clean daily.
Germs: particles that are everywhere and can cause diseases; they can easily develop/multiple.
Plaques: a thin layer of bacteria.

1) Germs can multiply easily and develop into infections. They grow on the warmer parts of the body such as armpits.
2) hands, teeth, whole body, private parts, armpits, feet, face, nails, wearing clean clothes, flushing toilet with seat covered

Question 22

1) Why are human bodies suitable for bacteria growth?
2) How is bacteria spread around?
3) How to avoid spreading bacteria?

Answer 22

1) Our bodies are the correct temperature and has the right moistness for bacteria growth it can provide food for the bacteria in the form of dead skin cells and the chemicals in our sweat.
2) Bacteria can be transmitted to humans through air, water, food and living vectors like mosquitos.

3) avoid close contact with infected people
avoid touching face with dirty hands
cover while coughing or sneezing
clean surfaces regularly

Question 23

1) How do we get infected?
2) What gets released that make us ill?
3) Conditions causes by bacteria.

Answer 23

1) When there’s too many bacteria on our bodies, one of our normal barriers (skin, tears, mucus) become damaged and we become infected. It can spread from a person to person from a direct contact with infected skin or indirect contact with contaminated surface
2) Some bacteria attach body tissues and releases toxins/poisons which make us ill.

3) Conditions:
* food poisoning
* strep throat
* tuberculosis (TB)
* Pneumonia
* Mentingitis

Question 24

Physical, emotional amd social effects of poor personal hygiene.

Answer 24

Physical:
* Catching/spreading disease
* Food poisoning
* Tooth decay
* Bad breath
* Sore throat
* Meningitis
* Athletes foot

Emotional:
* Poor self-esteem
* Poor self-image
* Depression
* Stress
* Poor self-concept
* Frightened
* Anxiety

Social:
* Isolation
* Loss of friendships
* Lack of communication
* DIfficulty in maintaining social life
* Difficulty in speaking
* Loss of skills that have recently aquired
* Loss os isolation