lifestyle diseases Flashcards
what are the 4 cardiovascular diseases?
- astherosclerosis
- coronary heart disease (CHD)
- heart attack
- stroke
what are the 2 respiratory diseases?
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- asthma
astherosclerosis
- caused by build up of fatty deposits that forms hard plaque on arterial walls
the effects of astherosclerosis
- narrows the lumen = reduces space for blood flow = cause blood clots
- arterial walls become thick and hardened reducing ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate
- causes chronic high BP called hyper tension
CHD
coronary heart disease:
- caused by astherscolosis of the coronary arteries
the effects of CHD
- reduction in blood flow + o2 supply limits the cardiac muscles
- can cause angina + heart attack
heart attack
when a piece of plaque breaks from a arterial walls + causes a blood clot –> severely blocks a coronary artery = cutting off O2 to an area of cardiac muscle causing death of cells + permanent damage
stroke
- a blockage in cerebral artery cutting blood supply to brain = ischaemic
- blood vessel bursting = haemorrhargic
what can lead to these diseases?
- a sedentary lifestyle
what can reduce these?
- exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by 30%
- 6-8 weeks min training
benefits of training on the heart
- cardiac hypertrophy, which increases stroke volume and decreases resting heart rate
- increased blood flow and delivery of oxygen reducing strain on heart and lowering bp
benefits of training on the blood
- reduces level of blood lipids and cholesterol
- increased proportion of HDL cholesterol (slows development of asteroclosis)
- decreases blood viscosity which decreases the resistance to blood flow
benefits of training on the arteries
- prevents hardening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls due to regular vasoconstriction
- increases coronary circulation as coronary arteries increase diameter and density
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:
- more than one respiratory disease e.g. sever asthma, emphysema, bronchitis
the effects of COPD
- persistent inflammation and narrowing of airways
- this leads to thickening of bronchiole walls
- increased mucus production
- damage to the alveoli
- decrease in lung tissue elasticity
symptoms of COPD
- persistent coughing
- breathing difficulty
- regular chest infections
- reduced lung capacity
symptoms of asthma
- shortness of breath
- wheezing
- coughing
causes of an asthma attack
- exercise induced
- when air is cold and dry
they cough as a response to the drying of the airway membrane + presence of an allergen
reduce + help asthma
- use of inhalers
- warm ups
- separator muscle training
causes of respiratory disease
- sedentary lifestyle
- smoking
regular training effects on the respiratory system
- increased respiratory strength
- decreased resting and sub max frequency of breathing
- increases air flow
- maintain full use of lung tissue and elasticity
- increase the surface area alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
