lifestyle diseases

Question 1

what are the 4 cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 1

• astherosclerosis
• coronary heart disease (CHD)
• heart attack
• stroke

Question 2

what are the 2 respiratory diseases?

Answer 2

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• asthma

Question 3

astherosclerosis

Answer 3

• caused by build up of fatty deposits that forms hard plaque on arterial walls

Question 4

the effects of astherosclerosis

Answer 4

• narrows the lumen = reduces space for blood flow = cause blood clots
• arterial walls become thick and hardened reducing ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate
• causes chronic high BP called hyper tension

Question 5

CHD

Answer 5

coronary heart disease:

- caused by astherscolosis of the coronary arteries

Question 6

the effects of CHD

Answer 6

• reduction in blood flow + o2 supply limits the cardiac muscles
• can cause angina + heart attack

Question 7

heart attack

Answer 7

when a piece of plaque breaks from a arterial walls + causes a blood clot –> severely blocks a coronary artery = cutting off O2 to an area of cardiac muscle causing death of cells + permanent damage

Question 8

stroke

Answer 8

• a blockage in cerebral artery cutting blood supply to brain = ischaemic
• blood vessel bursting = haemorrhargic

Question 9

what can lead to these diseases?

Answer 9

• a sedentary lifestyle

Question 10

what can reduce these?

Answer 10

• exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by 30%
• 6-8 weeks min training

Question 11

benefits of training on the heart

Answer 11

• cardiac hypertrophy, which increases stroke volume and decreases resting heart rate
• increased blood flow and delivery of oxygen reducing strain on heart and lowering bp

Question 12

benefits of training on the blood

Answer 12

• reduces level of blood lipids and cholesterol
• increased proportion of HDL cholesterol (slows development of asteroclosis)
• decreases blood viscosity which decreases the resistance to blood flow

Question 13

benefits of training on the arteries

Answer 13

• prevents hardening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls due to regular vasoconstriction
• increases coronary circulation as coronary arteries increase diameter and density

Question 14

COPD

Answer 14

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:

• more than one respiratory disease e.g. sever asthma, emphysema, bronchitis

Question 15

the effects of COPD

Answer 15

• persistent inflammation and narrowing of airways
• this leads to thickening of bronchiole walls
• increased mucus production
• damage to the alveoli
• decrease in lung tissue elasticity

Question 16

symptoms of COPD

Answer 16

• persistent coughing
• breathing difficulty
• regular chest infections
• reduced lung capacity

Question 17

symptoms of asthma

Answer 17

• shortness of breath
• wheezing
• coughing

Question 18

causes of an asthma attack

Answer 18

• exercise induced
• when air is cold and dry

they cough as a response to the drying of the airway membrane + presence of an allergen

Question 19

reduce + help asthma

Answer 19

• use of inhalers
• warm ups
• separator muscle training

Question 20

causes of respiratory disease

Answer 20

• sedentary lifestyle

- smoking

Question 21

regular training effects on the respiratory system

Answer 21

• increased respiratory strength
• decreased resting and sub max frequency of breathing
• increases air flow
• maintain full use of lung tissue and elasticity
• increase the surface area alveoli and pulmonary capillaries