Lifespan wrong questions Flashcards
According to Piaget, the ability to think abstractly is first evident at about ____ years of age.
11
Abstract thinking occurs in the ________, in Piaget’s stage model of cognitive development. It emerges at around age ____.
formal operational stage
11
As defined by Piaget, assimilation and accommodation are the two components of:
adaptation
what is “semiotic function?”
in which stage of Piaget’s cognitive developmental model does this occur?
the ability to make representations of symbols, objects, or words to stand for something, which occurs in the preoperational stage and extends from ages 2 to 7
Deferred imitation refers to
copying the past behavior of someone else
As defined by Piaget, the ability to engage in deferred imitation depends on the development of:
mental representation
According to Erikson, the purpose of play is to:
master social and emotional experiences
Ron attends a rally organized to oppose gun control. When asked why he is against gun control, Ron states, “Well, the law says people have the right to own a gun, and everybody in my hometown has a gun.” Kohlberg would say that Ron is at which level of moral development?
Conventional
Kohlberg distinguishes between three levels of moral development (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional) that each consist of two stages. The conventional level of moral development is characterized by support for and adherence to existing social rules and laws.
Question ID #11478: Children begin to intentionally lie (make false statements) at about ___ years of age in Piaget’s theory.
7
Babies 8 to 12 months old actively seek a toy that is shown to them prior to being hidden from view. According to Piaget, this ability is due to the development of
object concept (i.e. object permanence)
To reduce aggressive behavior in a highly aggressive preschooler, the best approach is to:
help the child recognize the consequences of his/her behavior and identify alternative behaviors
There is evidence that fostering empathy (e.g., by helping the child recognize the consequences of his/her behavior for the target of the aggression) and helping the child identify alternative behaviors is useful, especially for younger children.
A key accomplishment of Piaget’s preoperational stage is the emergence of:
the symbolic function
which permits language use, symbolic play, and deferred imitation. This is characteristic of children ages 2 through 7.
According to Erikson, at age two, the primary psychosocial task is to develop ___________, and failure to successfully accomplish this task leads to ___________
a sense of autonomy; doubt and shame
Erikson’s autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage occurs from 1 to 3 years of age. Successful resolution of the conflicts of this stage results in a sense of self-control (autonomy), while failure leads to shame and doubt (you can find additional information in the Lifespan Development chapter of the written study materials).
A person in the sixth (final) stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development pursues moral judgments guided primarily by:
universally applicable ethical principles
Raymond is a high-energy four-year-old who is always asking questions and likes to help with everything. He is easily distracted and may start helping one family member, and then engage with someone else. Raymond also likes to pretend that he’s one of his favorite characters on TV and can often be seen trying to “arrest” his younger brother or save his friends from an imaginary “bad guy”. In terms of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, Raymond appears to be in which stage of development?
Initiative vs. guilt
The stage of initiative vs. guilt begins around age three. Raymond’s age and behaviors, including increasing locomotion, imagination, curiosity, and exploration suggest he is in this stage.
As defined by Piaget, a __________ circular reaction occurs when a baby explores the characteristics of familiar objects by deliberately using them in new ways.
tertiary
According to Piaget, much of the cognitive development that occurs during the sensorimotor stage is the result of circular reactions, in which the child repeats or reproduces a pleasurable or interesting experience. Tertiary circular reactions predominate from ages 12 to 18 months and involve varying an original or usual action on an object to see what happens.
Which pair correctly demonstrates the findings from Ainsworth’s study of the Strange Situation?
Select one:
A.
A disorganized infant and a moody inconsistent caregiver
B.
An autonomous infant and a responsive caregiver
C.
An anxious avoidant infant and an impatient and possibly over-stimulating caregiver
D.
An anxious insecure infant and a possibly aggressive caregiver
C.
An anxious avoidant infant and an impatient and possibly over-stimulating caregiver
Which of the following individuals coined the term “identity crisis”?
Erikson
Studies comparing children who are actively rejected or neglected by their peers have found that:
children who are rejected have worse outcomes
Klinefelter syndrome is due to:
Men with Klinefelter syndrome have an extra X chromosome.
: Which aspect of long-term memory is usually the first to be adversely affected by increasing age?
Episodic memory is memory for personally experienced events and is the first aspect of long-term memory that shows age-related declines.
