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Psych 101 > Lifespan Development > Flashcards

Lifespan Development Flashcards

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1
Q

cognitive development

A

domain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

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2
Q

continuous development

A

view that development is a cumulative process: gradually improving on existing skills

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3
Q

developmental milestone

A

approximate ages at which children reach specific normative events

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4
Q

discontinuous development

A

view that development takes place in unique stages, which happen at specific times or ages

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5
Q

nature

A

genes and biology

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6
Q

normative approach

A

study of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach specific developmental milestones

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7
Q

nurture

A

environment and culture

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8
Q

physical development

A

domain of lifespan development that examines growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

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9
Q

psychosocial development

A

domain of lifespan development that examines emotions, personality, and social relationships

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10
Q

psychosexual development

A

process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life

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11
Q

psychosocial development

A

process proposed by Erikson in which social tasks are mastered as humans move through eight stages of life from infancy to adulthood

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12
Q

assimilation

A

adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known

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13
Q

accommodation

A

adjustment of a schema by changing a scheme to accommodate new information different from what was already known

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14
Q

conservation

A

idea that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size, volume, or number as long as nothing is added or removed

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15
Q

egocentrism

A

preoperational child’s difficulty in taking the perspective of others

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16
Q

object permanence

A

idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists

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17
Q

reversibility

A

understanding that objects can be changed and then returned back to their original form or condition

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18
Q

theory-of-mind

A

the understanding that people have thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that are different from our own

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19
Q

stages of moral reasoning

A

process proposed by Kohlberg; humans move through three stages of moral development

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20
Q

conception

A

when a sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote

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21
Q

critical (sensitive) period

A

time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop

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22
Q

embryo

A

multi-cellular organism in its early stages of development

23
Q

newborn reflexes

A

inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation that all healthy babies are born with

24
Q

placenta

A

structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing baby

25
Q

prenatal care

A

medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus

26
Q

teratogen

A

biological, chemical, or physical environmental agent that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus

27
Q

zygote

A

structure created when a sperm and egg merge at conception; begins as a single cell and rapidly divides to form the embryo and placenta

28
Q

cognitive empathy

A

ability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for others

29
Q

fine motor skills

A

use of muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes to coordinate small actions

30
Q

gross motor skills

A

use of large muscle groups to control arms and legs for large body movements

31
Q

motor skills

A

ability to move our body and manipulate objects

32
Q

attachment

A

long-standing connection or bond with others

33
Q

authoritarian parenting style

A

parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child

34
Q

authoritative parenting style

A

parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view

35
Q

avoidant attachment

A

characterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves

36
Q

disorganized attachment

A

characterized by the child’s odd behavior when faced with the parent; type of attachment seen most often with kids that are abused

37
Q

permissive parenting style

A

parents make few demands and rarely use punishment

38
Q

resistant attachment

A

characterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behavior and rejection of the parent when she attempts to interact with the child

39
Q

secure attachment

A

characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore

40
Q

secure base

A

parental presence that gives the infant/toddler a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings

41
Q

temperament

A

innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment

42
Q

uninvolved parenting style

A

parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands

43
Q

adolescence

A

period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood

44
Q

adrenarche

A

maturing of the adrenal glands

45
Q

emerging adulthood

A

newly defined period of lifespan development from 18 years old to the mid-20s; young people are taking longer to complete college, get a job, get married, and start a family

46
Q

gonadarche

A

maturing of the sex glands

47
Q

menarche

A

beginning of menstrual period; around 12–13 years old

48
Q

primary sexual characteristics

A

organs specifically needed for reproduction

49
Q

secondary sexual characteristics

A

physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs

50
Q

spermarche

A

first male ejaculation

51
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

intelligence that draw upon experience and knowledge. Measures include vocabulary tests, solving number problems, and understanding texts

52
Q

fluid intelligence

A

information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time

53
Q

five stages of grief

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

54
Q

hospice

A

service that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable environment; usually outside of a hospital setting

Psych 101 (8 decks)

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