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Psych 101 > Lifespan Development > Flashcards

Lifespan Development Flashcards

1
Q

cognitive development

A

domain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

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2
Q

continuous development

A

view that development is a cumulative process: gradually improving on existing skills

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3
Q

developmental milestone

A

approximate ages at which children reach specific normative events

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4
Q

discontinuous development

A

view that development takes place in unique stages, which happen at specific times or ages

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5
Q

nature

A

genes and biology

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6
Q

normative approach

A

study of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach specific developmental milestones

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7
Q

nurture

A

environment and culture

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8
Q

physical development

A

domain of lifespan development that examines growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

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9
Q

psychosocial development

A

domain of lifespan development that examines emotions, personality, and social relationships

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10
Q

psychosexual development

A

process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life

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11
Q

psychosocial development

A

process proposed by Erikson in which social tasks are mastered as humans move through eight stages of life from infancy to adulthood

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12
Q

assimilation

A

adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known

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13
Q

accommodation

A

adjustment of a schema by changing a scheme to accommodate new information different from what was already known

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14
Q

conservation

A

idea that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size, volume, or number as long as nothing is added or removed

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15
Q

egocentrism

A

preoperational child’s difficulty in taking the perspective of others

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16
Q

object permanence

A

idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists

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17
Q

reversibility

A

understanding that objects can be changed and then returned back to their original form or condition

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18
Q

theory-of-mind

A

the understanding that people have thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that are different from our own

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19
Q

stages of moral reasoning

A

process proposed by Kohlberg; humans move through three stages of moral development

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20
Q

conception

A

when a sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote

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21
Q

critical (sensitive) period

A

time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop

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22
Q

embryo

A

multi-cellular organism in its early stages of development

23
Q

newborn reflexes

A

inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation that all healthy babies are born with

24
Q

placenta

A

structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing baby

25
prenatal care
medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus
26
teratogen
biological, chemical, or physical environmental agent that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus
27
zygote
structure created when a sperm and egg merge at conception; begins as a single cell and rapidly divides to form the embryo and placenta
28
cognitive empathy
ability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for others
29
fine motor skills
use of muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes to coordinate small actions
30
gross motor skills
use of large muscle groups to control arms and legs for large body movements
31
motor skills
ability to move our body and manipulate objects
32
attachment
long-standing connection or bond with others
33
authoritarian parenting style
parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child
34
authoritative parenting style
parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view
35
avoidant attachment
characterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves
36
disorganized attachment
characterized by the child’s odd behavior when faced with the parent; type of attachment seen most often with kids that are abused
37
permissive parenting style
parents make few demands and rarely use punishment
38
resistant attachment
characterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behavior and rejection of the parent when she attempts to interact with the child
39
secure attachment
characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore
40
secure base
parental presence that gives the infant/toddler a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings
41
temperament
innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment
42
uninvolved parenting style
parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands
43
adolescence
period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood
44
adrenarche
maturing of the adrenal glands
45
emerging adulthood
newly defined period of lifespan development from 18 years old to the mid-20s; young people are taking longer to complete college, get a job, get married, and start a family
46
gonadarche
maturing of the sex glands
47
menarche
beginning of menstrual period; around 12–13 years old
48
primary sexual characteristics
organs specifically needed for reproduction
49
secondary sexual characteristics
physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs
50
spermarche
first male ejaculation
51
crystallized intelligence
intelligence that draw upon experience and knowledge. Measures include vocabulary tests, solving number problems, and understanding texts
52
fluid intelligence
information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time
53
five stages of grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
54
hospice
service that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable environment; usually outside of a hospital setting

Psych 101 (8 decks)

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