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Health and Social - Unit 1 > Life Stages > Flashcards

Life Stages Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by life stages?

A

The different ages of life and the changes that happen within each stage.

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2
Q

How would you divide the human lifespan into stages?

A
  • infancy
  • childhood
  • adolescence
  • early adulthood
  • middle adulthood
  • later adulthood
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3
Q

What are the ages for birth and infancy?

A

0-2 years.

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4
Q

What are the key features of birth and infancy?

A
  • infants grow rapidly reaching approximately half their adult height by the time they are 2
  • at around the age of 1 they can walk
  • by the age of 2 they can run
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5
Q

What are the ages of early childhood?

A

3-8 years.

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6
Q

What are the key features of early childhood?

A
  • children continue to grow at a steady pace

- they develop strength and coordination

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7
Q

What are the ages of adolescence?

A

9-18 years.

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8
Q

What are the key features of adolescence?

A
  • adolescence experiences growth spurts

- they develop sexual characteristics during puberty

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9
Q

What are the ages of early adulthood?

A

19-45 years.

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10
Q

What are the key features of early adulthood?

A
  • young adults reach the peak of their physical fitness
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11
Q

What are the ages of middle adulthood?

A

45-65 years.

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12
Q

What are the key features of middle adulthood?

A
  • the ageing process begins with some loss of strength and stamina
  • women go through menopause
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13
Q

What are the ages of later adulthood?

A

65 years +

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14
Q

What are the key features of later adulthood?

A
  • the ageing process continues with gradual loss of mobility
  • older adults will experience a loss of height of up to a few cm
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15
Q

What is the definition of development?

A

The complex changes that happen as a child or adolescence gets older. This includes skills, abilities and capabilities of an individual.

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16
Q

What is the definition of growth?

A

The increase in a measurable quantity. For example, height or weight or other dimensions like number of teeth.

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17
Q

What is holistic development?

A

P - physical
I - intellectual
E - emotional
S - social

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18
Q

What are the permanent reflexes of a baby?

A
  • breathing reflex
  • eye blink reflex
  • swallow reflex
  • pupillary reflex
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19
Q

What are the neonatal reflexes of a baby?

A
  • swimming reflex
  • stepping reflex
  • babinski reflex
  • sucking reflex
  • tonic neck reflex
  • palmer grasp reflex
  • rooting reflex
  • galant reflex
  • moro reflex
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20
Q

What is the definition of gross motor skills?

A

They are large movements, involving the bigger muscles, which require mobility and coordination.

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21
Q

What are the fine motor grips?

A
  • fist grip
  • four finger grip
  • pincer grip
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22
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a new born?

A
  • breathing reflex

- sucking reflex

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23
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a new born?

A
  • bringing hand to mouth

- sucks on hand

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24
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 1 month old?

A
  • opens and shuts hands
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25
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 1 month old?

A
  • stare at bright objects
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26
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 3 month old?

A
  • stretches and kicks
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27
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 3 month old?

A
  • lifts head

- moves arms together and apart

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28
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 6 month old?

A
  • sits with support
  • rolls both ways
  • supports weight on legs
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29
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 6 month old?

A
  • grasps and holds objects
  • takes objects to mouth
  • holds bottle
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30
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 9-10 month old?

A
  • sits and plays with toys
  • crawls on belly
  • sitting to crawling
31
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 9-10 month old?

A
  • pincer grasp

- transfers objects to other hand

32
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 12-13 month old?

A
  • hands and knees position
  • pulls self up to stand
  • takes steps holding on
33
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 12-13 month old?

A
  • can hold 2 small objects
  • grabs crayons
  • fisted grip
34
Q

What are the gross motor skills for an 18 month old?

A
  • crawl upstairs
  • self sits in chair
  • push and pull force
35
Q

What are the fine motor skills for an 18 month old?

A
  • build a tower with blocks
  • turn knobs
  • scribble
36
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 2 year old?

A
  • walking up and downstairs
  • changing direction
  • picking up toys
37
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 2 year old?

A
  • throw a ball
  • paint on paper
  • put hat on head
38
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 2 1/2 year old?

A
  • jump
  • catch a ball
  • ride a bike with stabilisers
39
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 2 1/2 year old?

A
  • carry toys whilst walking
40
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 3 year old?

A
  • able to manoeuvre around and catch a ball
41
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 3 year old?

A
  • building a tower of 3-5 small blocks

- holding a crayon with thumb and fingers

42
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 4 year old?

A
  • balances and controls tricycle
43
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 4 year old?

A
  • tracing on thick lines

- holding a pencil with thumb and fingers on opposite sides of the pencil

44
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 5 year old?

A
  • climbs
  • skips
  • hops
45
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 5 year old?

A
  • cutting along a line continuously

- writing their name

46
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 6 year old?

A
  • catching a small ball using hands only
47
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 6 year old?

A
  • cutting out simple shapes

- writing numbers 1-10 independently

48
Q

What are the gross motor skills for a 7 year old?

A
  • ride 2 wheel bike

- move in time to the beat or rhythm of music

49
Q

What are the fine motor skills for a 7 year old?

A
  • writing on lines

- pencil control

50
Q

What are primary sexual characteristics?

A

Organs and cells that are present at birth but don’t develop until puberty.

51
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

They develop during puberty, outward signs of growing from a child into adulthood.

52
Q

What are the female primary characteristics?

A
  • uterus enlarges and the vagina lengthens
  • ovaries begin to release
  • menstrual cycle begins
53
Q

What are the female secondary characteristics?

A
  • breasts enlarges
  • areola [nipple area] enlarges, darkens and then breasts grow
  • pubic hair grows
54
Q

What are the male primary characteristics?

A
  • enlargement of penis and testes
  • spontaneous erections caused by blood flow into chambers
  • testicles produce sperm, beginning of ejaculation
55
Q

What are the male secondary characteristics?

A
  • hair growth
56
Q

What is perimenopause?

A

They happen 6-10 years before the menopause.

57
Q

What are the physiological symptoms of perimenopause?

A
  • anger
  • anxiety
  • depression
  • irritability
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
  • mood swings
  • difficulty concentrating
58
Q

What are the physical symptoms of perimenopause?

A
  • hot flushes
  • night sweats
  • reduced libido
  • weight gain
  • urinary incontinence
  • vaginal dryness
  • bloating
59
Q

What is a middle aged spread?

A

The fat that may accumulate around the abdomen in the middle age.

60
Q

What is muscle decline?

A

Hormones decreases muscle tone and strength.

61
Q

What is skin elasticity reduction?

A

The skin gets thinner, drier, and less elastic, and less able to protect itself from damage.

62
Q

What does a receding gumline cause?

A

It causes sensitivity, infections and tooth loss as they become lose.

63
Q

What are the menopause?

A

When women stop having periods, there is a decrease in oestrogen. There is an increase in gonadotropins which means they try to stimulate the failing egg production. This causes menopause symptoms. [night sweats/hot flushes]

64
Q

What is osteoperosis?

A

The lower oestrogen levels, the lower the bone density is likely to be. This means that its easy to break and slower to mend.

65
Q

What happens if there is a decrease in oestrogen and progesterone?

A

It causes a shrinking of sexual organs such as the vagina and it can impact on the libido.

66
Q

How is sensorineural hearing loss caused?

A

It’s caused by deterioration to the sensitive hair cells inside the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve.

67
Q

How is conductive hearing loss caused?

A

It happens when sounds are unable to pass from your outer ear to your inner ear. This is often because of a blockage [ear wax] which often happens in older age.

68
Q

How is deterioration of sight caused?

A

Visual impairment is caused by a number of problems but in old age it tends to be the weakening of the muscles.

69
Q

How does mobility issues occur?

A

This is due to cartilage in our joints wearing away.

70
Q

How does loss of height occur?

A

Cartilage becomes worn, brittle and gets less. Also, your spine is 1/3 cartilage, so height is lost due to the spine compacting.

71
Q

How does incontinence problems occur?

A

Muscles at the bladder weaken resulting in wetting and pooing themselves.

72
Q

How is there an increased risk of cancer?

A

Body deterioration meaning weakened body and immune system.

73
Q

What happens to your immune system as you get older?

A

It gets weaker and more immune to illness and flu.

Health and Social - Unit 1 (5 decks)

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