Attachment sequence - Schaffer and Emerson Flashcards
1
Q
What 3 measures were recorded in the attachment study?
A
- stranger anxiety
- separation anxiety
- social referencing
2
Q
Stranger anxiety:
A
Response to arrival of a stranger.
3
Q
Separation anxiety:
A
Distress level when separated from carer, degree of comfort needed on return.
4
Q
Social referencing:
A
Degree that child looks at carer to check how they should respond to something new [secure base]
5
Q
What are the 4 attachment stages?
A
- asocial
- indiscriminate attachments
- specific attachments
- multiple attachments
6
Q
What happens at asocial attachment stage? [0-6 weeks]
A
- both social and non-social infants will produce a smile or a favourable reaction.
7
Q
What happens at indiscriminate attachment stage? [6 weeks - 7 months]
A
- infants indiscriminately enjoy human company and most babies will respond equally to any caregiver
- they can get upset when an individual ceases to interact with them
- they smile at faces that they are familiar with
8
Q
What happens at specific attachment stage? [7-9 months]
A
- specific preference for a single attachment figure
- baby looks for a specific person for security, comfort and protection
- shows fear of strangers and unhappy when separated from their special person
9
Q
What happens at multiple attachments stage? [10 months +]
A
- baby becomes increasingly independent and forms several attachments
- intensely attached infants had mothers who responded quickly to their demands
- infants who has weak attachments had mothers who failed to interact with them
10
Q
What were the results of Emmerson and Shaeffer’s study?
A
- attachments were most likely to form with those who responded accurately to the baby’s signals, not the person they spent more time with
- responsiveness is the key to attachments
11
Q
Why might attachments not go smoothly?
A
- prematurity
- post-natal depression
- separation
- foster care/adoption
- emotional unavailability
- disabilities
