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Health and Social - Unit 1 > Cognitive/Intellectual > Flashcards

Cognitive/Intellectual Flashcards

1
Q

What is intellectual development?

A

It’s about learning. It is how individuals organise their minds, ideas and thoughts to make sense of the world they live in.

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2
Q

What is physical development?

A

It’s through the senses by touching, tasting, smelling, listening and playing.

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3
Q

What is cognitive development?

A

It’s the construction of thought processes. This includes remembering, problem solving, and decision making, from childhood through adolescence to childhood.

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4
Q

What are the aspects to intellectual development?

A
  • language development
  • problem solving
  • memory
  • moral development
  • abstract thoughts/creative thinking
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5
Q

Language development:

A

Essential for organising thoughts.

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6
Q

Problem solving:

A

Important skill requires both to work things out and to make predictions.

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7
Q

Memory:

A

Required for storing, recalling and retrieving information.

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8
Q

Moral development:

A

Allows reasoning and making choices and informs the individuals how to act in particular situations and how to act towards self and others.

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9
Q

Abstract thoughts/creative thinking:

A

Essential for thinking and discussing situations and events that can’t be observed.

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10
Q

What is language acquisition?

A

The process by which people acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.

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11
Q

What is language acquisition device?

A

A hypothetical module of the humans mind to account for children’s innate predisposition for language acquisition. LAD is an instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language.

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12
Q

What are the stages of language acquisition?

A

1] The pre linguistic period
2] The holophrastic period
3] The telegraphic period
4] The complex period

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13
Q

What is the ages in the pre linguistic period?

A

Birth - 10 months old.

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14
Q

What is the ages in the holophrastic period?

A

12 months - 18 months.

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15
Q

What is the ages in the telegraphic period?

A

2 years - 3 years.

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16
Q

What is the ages in the complex period?

A

3 years - 5 years.

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17
Q

What are encouraging language development for infants?

A
  • blowing bubbles
  • counting each step on stairs
  • looking at picture books
  • joining in with rhymes and songs
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18
Q

What are encouraging language development for young children?

A
  • taking part in listening groups
  • taking part in speaking groups
  • play word games and riddles
  • sharing personal stories and rhymes
19
Q

What did Chompsky’s theory say?

A
  • learning a language is a natural rather than a self taught process
  • every child has a LAD
  • children all follow a broadly similar sequence in their development of language
20
Q

What are critics of Chompsky’s theory?

A
  • not enough scientific evidence to back up the theory
  • underestimates the importance of social interaction
  • didn’t consider children who experience delayed language for a different number of reasons
21
Q

What is nature?

A

Maturation of brain and body; motor skills, crawl, walk, the ability to perceive, learn and act.

22
Q

What is nurture?

A

Adaptation, children respond to the demands of the environment in ways that meet their own goals. They need to learn to survive.

23
Q

What are Piaget’s theory stages?

A
  • sensorimotor
  • preoperational
  • concrete operational
  • formal operational
24
Q

Sensorimotor ages:

A

Birth - 2 years old.

25
Q

Preoperational ages:

A

2 years - 7 years old.

26
Q

Concrete operational ages:

A

7 years - 11 years old.

27
Q

Formal operational ages:

A

Adolescence - adulthood.

28
Q

What did Piaget’s theory say?

A
  • children recognise when schemas are inaccurate and adapt them through the two processes of accommodation and assimilation
  • he argued that younger children don’t have the capabilities to think in the same way as older children
  • he also argued that children have to go through a process of cognitive development in order to achieve the abilities of an older child or adult
29
Q

What are critics of Piaget’s theory?

A
  • development doesn’t always follow a smooth and predictable path
  • observations were based on a small number of children
  • children are less egocentric than Piaget suggested
  • theory doesn’t take into account a child’s environment
30
Q

What are the brain power foods?

A
  • water
  • almonds
  • oranges
  • blueberries
  • strawberries
  • blackberries
  • pecans
  • dark chocolate
  • tea
31
Q

Intellectual development of a 3 month old:

A
  • smiles
  • coos
  • gurgles
  • cries
32
Q

Intellectual development of a 6 month old:

A
  • begins to recognise patterns
  • starts to babble
  • puts objects in mouth
33
Q

Intellectual development of a 9 month old:

A
  • listens and copies sounds
34
Q

Intellectual development of a 12 month old:

A
  • understands simple commands

- starts using holophrases

35
Q

Intellectual development of an 18 month old:

A
  • uses 20 or more identifiable words

- recognises pictures

36
Q

Intellectual development of 2-2 1/2 years old:

A
  • uses telegraphic speech
  • names some colours
  • draws lines
  • reasoning skills develop
37
Q

Intellectual development of 3-4 years old:

A
  • counts to 10

- begins to ask a lot of questions

38
Q

Intellectual development of 4-5 years old:

A
  • enjoys jokes
  • talks about past and future
  • understanding of simple rules develop
39
Q

What is lack of conservation?

A

The inability to realise that some things remain constant or unchanged despite changes in their visible appearance.

40
Q

What is egocentrism?

A

The difficulty in understanding that others do not see, think and feel like you do.

41
Q

What happens at sensorimotor stage?

A
  • infant only knows world by immediate senses and the motor senses it performs
  • infant lacks internal mental schema
  • infant lacks object performance [fails to see or act on ‘hidden’ objects
42
Q

What happens at preoperational stage?

A
  • child begins to add and create new schemas

- they fail to be able to carry out logical operations and show concentration

43
Q

What happens at concrete operational stage?

A
  • child is able to carry out mental operations [liquid conserve experiment]
  • child can complete class inclusion tasks and 3 mountain task successfully
44
Q

What happens at formal operational stage?

A
  • ideas can be manipulated in head
  • reasoning deductions can be carried out on verbal statements
  • can think about hypothetical problems [planning a bus journey]
  • consequences considered and things planned in advance

Health and Social - Unit 1 (5 decks)

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