Cognitive/Intellectual

Question 1

What is intellectual development?

Answer 1

It’s about learning. It is how individuals organise their minds, ideas and thoughts to make sense of the world they live in.

Question 2

What is physical development?

Answer 2

It’s through the senses by touching, tasting, smelling, listening and playing.

Question 3

What is cognitive development?

Answer 3

It’s the construction of thought processes. This includes remembering, problem solving, and decision making, from childhood through adolescence to childhood.

Question 4

What are the aspects to intellectual development?

Answer 4

• language development
• problem solving
• memory
• moral development
• abstract thoughts/creative thinking

Question 5

Language development:

Answer 5

Essential for organising thoughts.

Question 6

Problem solving:

Answer 6

Important skill requires both to work things out and to make predictions.

Question 7

Memory:

Answer 7

Required for storing, recalling and retrieving information.

Question 8

Moral development:

Answer 8

Allows reasoning and making choices and informs the individuals how to act in particular situations and how to act towards self and others.

Question 9

Abstract thoughts/creative thinking:

Answer 9

Essential for thinking and discussing situations and events that can’t be observed.

Question 10

What is language acquisition?

Answer 10

The process by which people acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.

Question 11

What is language acquisition device?

Answer 11

A hypothetical module of the humans mind to account for children’s innate predisposition for language acquisition. LAD is an instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language.

Question 12

What are the stages of language acquisition?

Answer 12

1] The pre linguistic period
2] The holophrastic period
3] The telegraphic period
4] The complex period

Question 13

What is the ages in the pre linguistic period?

Answer 13

Birth - 10 months old.

Question 14

What is the ages in the holophrastic period?

Answer 14

12 months - 18 months.

Question 15

What is the ages in the telegraphic period?

Answer 15

2 years - 3 years.

Question 16

What is the ages in the complex period?

Answer 16

3 years - 5 years.

Question 17

What are encouraging language development for infants?

Answer 17

• blowing bubbles
• counting each step on stairs
• looking at picture books
• joining in with rhymes and songs

Question 18

What are encouraging language development for young children?

Answer 18

• taking part in listening groups
• taking part in speaking groups
• play word games and riddles
• sharing personal stories and rhymes

Question 19

What did Chompsky’s theory say?

Answer 19

• learning a language is a natural rather than a self taught process
• every child has a LAD
• children all follow a broadly similar sequence in their development of language

Question 20

What are critics of Chompsky’s theory?

Answer 20

• not enough scientific evidence to back up the theory
• underestimates the importance of social interaction
• didn’t consider children who experience delayed language for a different number of reasons

Question 21

What is nature?

Answer 21

Maturation of brain and body; motor skills, crawl, walk, the ability to perceive, learn and act.

Question 22

What is nurture?

Answer 22

Adaptation, children respond to the demands of the environment in ways that meet their own goals. They need to learn to survive.

Question 23

What are Piaget’s theory stages?

Answer 23

• sensorimotor
• preoperational
• concrete operational
• formal operational

Question 24

Sensorimotor ages:

Answer 24

Birth - 2 years old.

Question 25

Preoperational ages:

Answer 25

2 years - 7 years old.

Question 26

Concrete operational ages:

Answer 26

7 years - 11 years old.

Question 27

Formal operational ages:

Answer 27

Adolescence - adulthood.

Question 28

What did Piaget's theory say?

Answer 28

- children recognise when schemas are inaccurate and adapt them through the two processes of accommodation and assimilation - he argued that younger children don't have the capabilities to think in the same way as older children - he also argued that children have to go through a process of cognitive development in order to achieve the abilities of an older child or adult

Question 29

What are critics of Piaget's theory?

Answer 29

- development doesn't always follow a smooth and predictable path - observations were based on a small number of children - children are less egocentric than Piaget suggested - theory doesn't take into account a child's environment

Question 30

What are the brain power foods?

Answer 30

- water - almonds - oranges - blueberries - strawberries - blackberries - pecans - dark chocolate - tea

Question 31

Intellectual development of a 3 month old:

Answer 31

- smiles - coos - gurgles - cries

Question 32

Intellectual development of a 6 month old:

Answer 32

- begins to recognise patterns - starts to babble - puts objects in mouth

Question 33

Intellectual development of a 9 month old:

Answer 33

- listens and copies sounds

Question 34

Intellectual development of a 12 month old:

Answer 34

- understands simple commands | - starts using holophrases

Question 35

Intellectual development of an 18 month old:

Answer 35

- uses 20 or more identifiable words | - recognises pictures

Question 36

Intellectual development of 2-2 1/2 years old:

Answer 36

- uses telegraphic speech - names some colours - draws lines - reasoning skills develop

Question 37

Intellectual development of 3-4 years old:

Answer 37

- counts to 10 | - begins to ask a lot of questions

Question 38

Intellectual development of 4-5 years old:

Answer 38

- enjoys jokes - talks about past and future - understanding of simple rules develop

Question 39

What is lack of conservation?

Answer 39

The inability to realise that some things remain constant or unchanged despite changes in their visible appearance.

Question 40

What is egocentrism?

Answer 40

The difficulty in understanding that others do not see, think and feel like you do.

Question 41

What happens at sensorimotor stage?

Answer 41

- infant only knows world by immediate senses and the motor senses it performs - infant lacks internal mental schema - infant lacks object performance [fails to see or act on 'hidden' objects

Question 42

What happens at preoperational stage?

Answer 42

- child begins to add and create new schemas | - they fail to be able to carry out logical operations and show concentration

Question 43

What happens at concrete operational stage?

Answer 43

- child is able to carry out mental operations [liquid conserve experiment] - child can complete class inclusion tasks and 3 mountain task successfully

Question 44

What happens at formal operational stage?

Answer 44

- ideas can be manipulated in head - reasoning deductions can be carried out on verbal statements - can think about hypothetical problems [planning a bus journey] - consequences considered and things planned in advance