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Psychiatry > Life Span Mental Health > Flashcards

Life Span Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

When is the peak of mental illness?

A

15-29 years old

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2
Q

What is the trend of suicide rate over your lifetime?

A

It increases

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3
Q

How does mental health impact life expectancy?

A

Bipolar - 9-20years
Schizophrenia - 10-20 years
Drug and alcohol - 9-24 years
Recurrent depression - 7-11 years

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4
Q

Name four mental illness that can occur throughout life

A
  • schizophrenia
  • depression
  • bipolar
  • personality disorders
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5
Q

What diseases predominantly start in childhood?

A

Behavioural disorders
ADHD and ASD
Anxiety
Trauma/attachment

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6
Q

Why is a diagnosis of ADHD and ASD vital?

A

In order to have individualised education

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7
Q

When is separation anxiety normal?

A

7months - preschool

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8
Q

Name two mental illnesses that can occur after childbirth

A

Puerperal psychosis

Postnatal depression

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9
Q

Describe puerperal psychosis

A

Acute sudden onset manic, confusion, disinhibition.
Emergency occur in 1 in 1000 births 2-4 weeks after
50% have no previous illness

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10
Q

What are the risk factors for puerperal psychosis?

A

First pregnancy, single parent, c-section, difficult relationship, thyroid disease, perinatal death

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11
Q

What is postnatal depression?

A

Occurs in 1 in 10 women 1-4 weeks after birth, risk factors include Family/past medical history of depression, traumatic birth, relationship issues, abuse/trauma

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12
Q

What is the pneumonic for delirium causes?

A

I WATCH DEATH

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13
Q

Describe pseudo-hallucinations

A

Fluctuating memory loss, depressed mood but no neurodegenerative process - responds well to medication

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14
Q

What is late onset depression?

A

Occurs in 2% of people >65 years old, genetic factors, life events (death of spouse), social factors, poor physical health

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15
Q

What proportion of children will have a mental health disorder?

A

In in 10 children or 1 in 3 per class

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16
Q

What percentage of mental health problems are diagnosed in childhood?

A

50%

17
Q

What percentage of adolescent anxiety is severe enough to need treatment?

A

6%

18
Q

Name the genetic factors that predispose to anxiety

A

Fearful disposition, abnormal neurotransmitter pathways, quiet/shy temperament

19
Q

State the behavioural factors that predispose to anxiety

A

Acquisition of fear through classical conditioning (associates threat with non-threatening stimuli)
Maintenance of fear through operant conditioning (avoidance/escape learning)
Observational learning

20
Q

Which cognitive factors contribute to anxiety disorders?

A

Attentional bias, selective attention, distorted judgement, select avoidant, tendency to remember anxiety provoking experience and selective memory

21
Q

How is child anxiety managed?

A

First line - CBT
Second line - SSRI
Benzodiazepines can be used short term

22
Q

What must not be given to a child with anxiety?

A

Propranolol

23
Q

What percentage of young people have depression?

A

4-8%

24
Q

State some vulnerable groups of young people

A
  • offenders
  • looked after
  • LGBT+
  • BAME
  • disabled
  • homeless
  • gangs
  • unemployed
25
Q

What factors predispose to childhood depression?

A

Family history, temperamental/psychological predisposing factors (negative outlook), stressful environment

26
Q

How is mild depression managed?

A

Watchful waiting for 2 weeks if no improvement CBT for 2-3 months

27
Q

How is unresponsive/more severe depression managed?

A

Individual CBT or psychotherapy 4-6 sessions

Fluoxetine

28
Q

What is the medical treatment for childhood depression?

A

1st line - fluoxetine

2nd line - sertraline or citalopram

29
Q

What is given if there is a poor response to medical treatment?

A

After 2 SSRIs have been tried

Augment with antipsychotic e.g risperidone

30
Q

What treatment is used in older children?

A

Venlafaxine or mirtazapine

31
Q

What is the danger of SSRIs in young people?

A

They can increase self harm/suicidal behaviour

32
Q

What is the function of self harm?

A

Coping, sign of distress, reconnect with body, attempt to end life/save life, releases endorphins and reduces stress by negative reinforcement

33
Q

What are the signs that self harm could become suicidal?

A

Hopeless and helplessness, no release of discomfort, not chronic/repetitive, intent to escape, make the pain end, persistent psychological pain, tunnel vision - one way out

34
Q

After self harm what happens to the rate of suicide?

A

Increases 50-100 times

35
Q

How should self harm be managed?

A

Try to encourage positive coping skills, listen and learn difference between self-injury and suicide, treat underlying disease

Psychiatry (18 decks)

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