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Life science Flashcards

1
Q

ovulation

A

release of egg cell from ovary

into oviduct

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2
Q

menstruation

A

unfertilized egg passes out body
of think uterus lining
every month

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3
Q

copulation

A

sexual intercourse

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4
Q

ejaculation

A

release of sperm

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5
Q

fertilisation

A

joining together

egg cell and sperm cell

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6
Q

gestation

A

time taken for foetus

develop fully

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7
Q

implantation

A

process

embryo attaches itself to lining

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8
Q

foetus

A

embryo after its been growing

2 months

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9
Q

placenta

A 
organ that forms in uterus
during pregnancy 
attaches to walls 
provides nutrients and oxygen to foetus 
through umbilical chord
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10
Q

breathing

A

movement of air

into and out of lungs

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11
Q

inhalation

A

breathing in

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12
Q

exhalation

A

breathing out

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13
Q

diaphragm

A

sheet of muscle

below lungs

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14
Q

circulation

A

transport of substances
oxygen
food
waste

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15
Q

arteries

A 
pumps blood away from heart 
thick muscular wall
pulse
carry oxygenated blood
except pulmonary
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16
Q

capillaries

A

network of tiny blood cells
connect arteries and veins
thin walls
carry away waste substances

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17
Q

veins

A

carry blood to heart
valves to stop blood flowing backwards
wider than arteries
thinner walls

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18
Q

multicellular

A

living thing

made up on many cells

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19
Q

tissue

A

group of cells
similar structure
particular function

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20
Q

organ

A

structure

different types of tissue

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21
Q

growth

A

cell divide

young grow and mature

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22
Q

cell division

A

cells divide
make copies of selves
as organism grows

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23
Q

masturbation

A

humans sexually mature

sex organs able to make sex cells

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24
Q

ovulation

A

release of egg

from ovary

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25
Q

Digestive system functions

A

Pass food along alimentary canal
Absorb digestive juices
Absorb digested nutrients
Excrete undigested food

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26
Q

Functions occur

A

Ingestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion

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27
Q

Enzymes

A

Amylase- starch into sugar
Protease- proteins into amino acid
Lipase- fats into fatty acids and glycerol

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28
Q

Urinary system

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

29
Q

Kidney

A

Primary organ
Filter blood
Remove waste
Excrete wastes in urine

30
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Temporary storage reservoir for urine
Muscle- detrusor
Relaxes to fill
Contracts during urination

31
Q

Ureter

A

Narrow tube
25cm
Carry urine from kidney to urinary bladder
Renal pelvis to urinary bladder

32
Q

Urethra

A

Thin-walled tube
Urine bladder to outside
Female- short
Male- longer urine+ semen

33
Q

Capsule

A

Protective layer

Connective tissue

34
Q

Renal vein

A

Transports filtered, purify blood

Rich in CO2 to heart

35
Q

Renal artery

A

Transports oxygenated blood
Rich in waste products
To kidney for purification

36
Q

Pelvis

A

Funnel

Collects urine from calyces

37
Q

Cortex

A

Outer layer

1 million Malpighian bodies

38
Q

Medulla

A

Inner layer
Cone-shaped pyramids
Striated appearance- tubules of nephrons

39
Q

Greater calyx

Lesser calyx

A

Both collect urine

Lead to pelvis

40
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right atrium

Right ventricle

41
Q

Pulmonic valve

A

Right ventricle

Pulmonary artery

42
Q

Mitral valve

A

Left atrium

Left ventricle

43
Q

Aortic valve

A

Left ventricle

Aorta

44
Q

Kidney functions

A

Remove waste of cellular metabolism from blood

Regulate concentration of substances in body fluids

45
Q

Nephron made of

A

Glomerulus- network of capillaries
Bowman’s capsule- cup-like structure
Surrounding glomerulus

46
Q

Nephron stages

A

Filtration- filtered out
Reabsorption- reabsorbed by active transport
From renal tubule into capillaries

47
Q

Kidney diseases

A

Kidney stones
Dialysis
Transplants

48
Q

Digestive health issues

A

Ulcers
Anorexia nervosa
Diarrhea
Liver cirrhosis

49
Q

Circulatory health issues

A

High blood pressure
Heart attack
Stroke

50
Q

Respiratory system

A

Absorb oxygen from air into blood

Get rid of CO2

51
Q

Respiratory health issues

A

Asthma
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asbestosis

52
Q

Reproduction health issues

A

Infertility
Foetal alcohol syndrome
STDs

53
Q

Respiration

A

Release of energy from food in body cells

54
Q

Respiration in body cells

A

Oxygen breakdown glucose release energy
Mitochondria
Energy used for other processes
Glucose+ oxygen- energy+ CO2+ water

55
Q

Ingestion

A

Food taken up in mouth

Mechanical+ chemical digestion starts

56
Q

Absorbtion

A

Products of digestion dissolve in water

Transported across walls- small intestine into bloodstream

57
Q

Assimilation

A 
Using nutrients 
From food
Carried to cells
Energy
Structural repair,growth,energy
58
Q

Egestion

A

Material not digested
Passed out anus
Faeces

59
Q

Liver

A 
Bile
Digestive juice
Breakdown fats 
Stored in gall bladder
Bile duct into small intestine
60
Q

Pancrease

A

Juices pass through duct
To small intestine
Continue chemical breakdown

61
Q

Chewing

A

Breaks big pieces into small

Saliva breakdown starchy food

62
Q

Swallowing

A

Tongue push food
Throat muscle force down
Epiglottis blocks off windpipe

63
Q

Stomach

A

Enzymes breakdown protein
Hydrochloric acid kill bacteria
Blended digestive juices

64
Q

Small intestine

A

Works with juices- breakdown food

Food absorbed into body

65
Q

Large intestine

A

Indigestible food

Leave body as waste

66
Q

Criteria for aborbtion

A

Large surface area
Surface thin
Good blood supply
Molecules in close contact with surface

67
Q

Not digested

A

Minerals
Vitamins
Water

68
Q

Salivary glands

A

Under tongue+ in cheeks
Produce saliva- mouth moist
Chemical digestion

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