life processes Flashcards
how much of our body is made of water?
55 females and males 60%
how is the body water divided
2/3 intracellular fluid (ICF) and 1/3 extracellular fluid (ECF).
The ECF is then divided into 80% interstitial fluid (ISF) (water in spaces around the cells) and 20% plasma – water inside the blood.
four most common elements in the body.
Hydrogen 10% , carbon 18%, nitrogen (3%) and oxygen (65%).
ionic vs covalent bonds
Covalent bonds are made when the electrons are shared between elements e.g. h2o. Ionic bonds are formed when an electron is given or received to bond e.g. NaCI. Ionic bonds are weaker then covalent bonds.
three energy systems.
ATP-CP system – Anaerobic (no oxygen used) Makes 1 ATP per molecule of creatine phosphate
Glycolytic system - Anaerobic (no oxygen used). Makes 2 – 3 ATP per molecule of glucose
Oxidative system - Aerobic (requires oxygen). Makes 36 – 39 ATP per molecule of glucose Makes ~100 ATP per fatty acid molecule.
what can get past a cell membrane?
Gases, small lipid molecules and small polar molecules can easy cross.
what is endocytosis
Endocytosis – cell membrane engulfs a substance to pull it in
what is exocytosis
cell membrane deforms to release a substance.
what does the golgo apparatus do?
Protein processing and packaging * Can break large proteins into smaller ones * Can add carbohydrates to the proteins * Re-package products into vesicles to transport out of the cell.
what is blood made up of?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma (water proteins nutrients hormones).
55% fluid, 45% solid.
what is albumin ?
most common plasma protein. regulate how much fluid in the blood.
what does fibrinogen ?
help blood clot iin junry
globulins
regulaying immune sytsem.
four things that can be detemined in a blood test.
Blood cell counts, drug monitoring, disease monitoring and antibodies and antigens.
