Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHE 161 > Life and Basic Biochemistry > Flashcards

Life and Basic Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is life?

A

Essentially, self sustaining and they preserve themselves.

  1. Self-organization
  2. Autopoietic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the genome and what is DNA

A

Genomes are a collection of DNA

DNA stores genetic information necessary to build the parts a cell needs to survive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 steps of Central Dogma called

A
  1. Transcription

2. Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is phylogenetics?

A

A field where life is classified by the similarities in their DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which are more diverse, Bacteria/Archaea or Eukarya?

A

Bacteria/Archaea!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main branches in the phylogenetic tree of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are organisms classified?

A
  1. where they get their energy
  2. how they acquire their electron for redox reactions
  3. if they use oxygen or carbon
  4. where they live
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is ATP

A
  • Adenosine triphosphate is a common organic compound that provides energy used in biological reactions.
  • Hydrolysis of ATP is used as a chemical potential energy to drive other reactions in the cell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are phototrophs?

A

Organisms that uses from sunlight make ATP (energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are chemotrophs?

A

Organisms that use redox reactions to make ATP (energy) from performed molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the main types of chemotrophs and what are their terms?

A
  1. Lithotrophs - uses redox reactions of inorganic molecules to make ATP
  2. Organotrophs - uses redox reactions of organic molecules to make ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are aerobic organisms?

A

organisms that use oxygen to live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are anaerobic organisms?

A

Organisms that don’t depend on oxygen to live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the types of anaerobs?

A
  1. Obligate - cannot grow in an environment with oxygen
  2. Facultative - can grow with or without oxygen
  3. Aerotolerant - can grow in an environment w oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are autotrophic organisms?

A
  • Organisms that create complex molecules from inorganic sources.
  • Their energy can come from sunlight or inorganic redox reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are heterotrophic organisms?

A
  • Can ONLY creates complex molecules from other complex molecules
  • All heterotrophs are chemotrophs, and most are organotrophs
17
Q

What are organisms that grow under standard conditions?

A

Mesophilies

18
Q

What are organisms that grow in high temperatures?

A

Hyperthermophile (90-115 °C))

19
Q

What are organisms that grow in low temperatures?

A

Pschorophile (0-12 °C)

20
Q

What are organisms that grow in High pH?

A

Alkaliphile (8.5 - 12 pH)

21
Q

What are organisms that grow in low pH?

A

Acidophile (0-4 pH)

22
Q

What are organisms that grow in high pressures?

A

Barophile (500-1000 atm)

23
Q

What are organisms that grow in high salt concentrations?

A

Halophile (15-32% NaCl)

24
Q

1.1 Chemistry Review

A
25
Q

What is the electronegativity difference range in a covalent bond and ionic bond?

A

Less than 1.7 - covalent

More than 1.7 - ionic

26
Q

Why is water known as the universal solvent?

A

Water acts as a solvent in biological system because it dissolves most of the compounds and proteins needed for the reaction to occur in the cell (due to its polarity and hydrogen bonding).

27
Q

What are the requirements for a solvent to dissolve?

A

It must collide with the correct orientation and speed to react (which is more likely to happen in a liquid)
It also must break some of the hydrogen bonds

28
Q

What interaction occurs between water and nonpolar molecules?

A

Hydrophobic interactions. Nonpolar molecules are not attracted to polar water molecules. So, they aggregate in water and orient themselves to minimize their contact with water.

29
Q

What interaction occurs between oppositely charged molecules?

A 
Electrostatic interactions 
(also known as: coulombic forces, ionic pairing, salt-bridge)
30
Q

Whats the relative attraction strength of ionic bonds?

A

hundreds of kcal/mol

31
Q

Whats the relative attraction strength of covalent bonds?

A

40-160 kcal/mol

32
Q

Whats the relative attraction strength of hydrogen bonds

A

1-10 kcal/mol

33
Q

Whats the relative attraction strength of van der Waals bonds?

A

0-10 kcal/mol

34
Q

Whats the water percentage of a cell?

A

70-90%

35
Q

What are the 3 things to consider if a solute will dissolve in a solvent?

A
  1. Inter/intramolecular interactions within solutes molecules
  2. Intermolecular interactions within solvent molecules
  3. Intermolecular interactions with solute and solvent molecules
36
Q

What are compounds that will dissolve in water?

A

Hydrophillic

37
Q

What are compounds that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions?

A

Amphipathic

38
Q

What are the carbon skeleton of molecules types?

A
  1. Straight-chain alkanes
  2. Branched alkanes
  3. Cyclic alkanes

CHE 161 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions