LIE CH1.1 Flashcards
that the first digital computer in the world, which embodied in its
mechanical and logical details just about every major principle of the modern digital computer
analytical engine
It is a machine to calculate the numerical value or values of any formula or
function of which the mathematician can indicate the method of solution.
analytical engine
uses punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs.
Joseph Marie Jacquard invents a loom
designs a punch card system to calculate the 1880 census
Herman Hollerith
presents the notion of a universal machine, later called the Turing
machine, capable of computing anything that is computable.
Alan Turing
design a computer that can
solve 29 equations simultaneously
Atanasoff and his graduate student, Clifford Berry
build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). Considered the grandfather of digital computers,
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
invent the transistor. They discovered how to make an electric switch with solid materials and no need for a vacuum.
William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories
develops the first computer language, which eventually becomes known as COBOL.
Grace Hopper
is a high-level programming language for business applications. It was the first popular language designed to be operating system-agnostic and is still in use in many financial and business applications today.
COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)
uses English words and phrases to make it easier for ordinary business users to understand.
COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)
is developed by a team of programmers at IBM led by John Backus
FORTRAN programming language, an acronym for FORmula TRANslation
was the first important algorithmic language designed in 1957 by an IBM team led by John Backus. It was intended for scientific computations with real numbers and collections of them organized as one- or multidimensional arrays
FORTRAN
unveil the integrated circuit, known as the computer chip
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
is small chip that can function as an amplifier, oscillator,
timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory
integrated circuit
is a small wafer, usually made
of silicon, that can hold anywhere from hundreds to millions of transistors, resistors, and
capacitors.
integrated circuit
These extremely small electronics can perform calculations and store data using either digital or analog technology.
integrated circuit
shows a prototype of the modern computer, with a mouse
and a graphical user interface (GUI).
Douglas Engelbart
was portable across multiple platforms and became the operating system of choice among
mainframes at large companies and government entities.
UNIX
is a general-purpose programming language that is extremely popular, simple and flexible. It is machine-independent, structured programming language which is used extensively in various applications.
c language
DRAM
dynamic random-access memory
who invent the “floppy disk,”
Alan Shugart
is a magnetic storage medium for computer systems
floppy disk i
affectionately known as the “Trash 80” —
Radio Shack’s TRS-80
described as the “world’s first minicomputer kit to rival commercial models.”
Altair 8080,
was one of the first computers available for personal use.
Altair 8800
For the first time, non-geeks could write programs and make a computer do what they wished.
TRS-80
the first computerized
spreadsheet program.
VisiCalc
The first IBM personal computer, code-named
acorn
is the first personal computer with a GUI. It also features a dropdown menu and icons.
Apple’s Lisa
is the first portable computer with the familiar flip form factor and the first to be marketed
as a “laptop.”
Apple’s Lisa
is a computer language devised to allow website creation
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on a small chip capable of performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) operations and communicating with the other devices connected to it.
Microprocessor
develop the Google search engine
Sergey Brin and Larry Page
The first 64-bit processor
AMD’s Athlon 64
is a technology which places a computer-generated image in front of a user creating
a composite view of reality
AR
is the use of software to automate business processes such as interpreting applications, processing transactions, dealing with data, and even replying to emails.
Robotic Process Automation, or RPA
