LIE CH1.1

Question 1

that the first digital computer in the world, which embodied in its
mechanical and logical details just about every major principle of the modern digital computer

Answer 1

analytical engine

Question 2

It is a machine to calculate the numerical value or values of any formula or
function of which the mathematician can indicate the method of solution.

Answer 2

analytical engine

Question 3

uses punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs.

Answer 3

Joseph Marie Jacquard invents a loom

Question 4

designs a punch card system to calculate the 1880 census

Answer 4

Herman Hollerith

Question 5

presents the notion of a universal machine, later called the Turing
machine, capable of computing anything that is computable.

Answer 5

Alan Turing

Question 6

design a computer that can
solve 29 equations simultaneously

Answer 6

Atanasoff and his graduate student, Clifford Berry

Question 7

build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). Considered the grandfather of digital computers,

Answer 7

John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

Question 8

invent the transistor. They discovered how to make an electric switch with solid materials and no need for a vacuum.

Answer 8

William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories

Question 9

develops the first computer language, which eventually becomes known as COBOL.

Answer 9

Grace Hopper

Question 10

is a high-level programming language for business applications. It was the first popular language designed to be operating system-agnostic and is still in use in many financial and business applications today.

Answer 10

COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)

Question 11

uses English words and phrases to make it easier for ordinary business users to understand.

Answer 11

COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)

Question 12

is developed by a team of programmers at IBM led by John Backus

Answer 12

FORTRAN programming language, an acronym for FORmula TRANslation

Question 13

was the first important algorithmic language designed in 1957 by an IBM team led by John Backus. It was intended for scientific computations with real numbers and collections of them organized as one- or multidimensional arrays

Answer 13

FORTRAN

Question 14

unveil the integrated circuit, known as the computer chip

Answer 14

Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

Question 15

is small chip that can function as an amplifier, oscillator,
timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory

Answer 15

integrated circuit

Question 16

is a small wafer, usually made
of silicon, that can hold anywhere from hundreds to millions of transistors, resistors, and
capacitors.

Answer 16

integrated circuit

Question 17

These extremely small electronics can perform calculations and store data using either digital or analog technology.

Answer 17

integrated circuit

Question 18

shows a prototype of the modern computer, with a mouse
and a graphical user interface (GUI).

Answer 18

Douglas Engelbart

Question 19

was portable across multiple platforms and became the operating system of choice among
mainframes at large companies and government entities.

Answer 19

UNIX

Question 20

is a general-purpose programming language that is extremely popular, simple and flexible. It is machine-independent, structured programming language which is used extensively in various applications.

Answer 20

c language

Question 21

DRAM

Answer 21

dynamic random-access memory

Question 22

who invent the “floppy disk,”

Answer 22

Alan Shugart

Question 23

is a magnetic storage medium for computer systems

Answer 23

floppy disk i

Question 24

affectionately known as the “Trash 80” —

Answer 24

Radio Shack’s TRS-80

Question 25

described as the “world’s first minicomputer kit to rival commercial models.”

Answer 25

Altair 8080,

Question 26

was one of the first computers available for personal use.

Answer 26

Altair 8800

Question 27

For the first time, non-geeks could write programs and make a computer do what they wished.

Answer 27

TRS-80

Question 28

the first computerized
spreadsheet program.

Answer 28

VisiCalc

Question 29

The first IBM personal computer, code-named

Answer 29

acorn

Question 30

is the first personal computer with a GUI. It also features a dropdown menu and icons.

Answer 30

Apple’s Lisa

Question 31

is the first portable computer with the familiar flip form factor and the first to be marketed
as a “laptop.”

Answer 31

Apple’s Lisa

Question 32

is a computer language devised to allow website creation

Answer 32

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Question 33

is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on a small chip capable of performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) operations and communicating with the other devices connected to it.

Answer 33

Microprocessor

Question 34

develop the Google search engine

Answer 34

Sergey Brin and Larry Page

Question 35

The first 64-bit processor

Answer 35

AMD’s Athlon 64

Question 36

is a technology which places a computer-generated image in front of a user creating
a composite view of reality

Answer 36

AR

Question 37

is the use of software to automate business processes such as interpreting applications, processing transactions, dealing with data, and even replying to emails.

Answer 37

Robotic Process Automation, or RPA