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Political ideologies - a level > Liberalism thinkers > Flashcards

Liberalism thinkers Flashcards

1
Q

John Locke key work

A

Second treatise of government

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2
Q

John Locke key concept

A

Social contract

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3
Q

John Locke key quote

A

‘Men being, as has been said, by nature, are free, equal and independent’

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4
Q

John Locke state view

A

The state must be representative based on the consent of the governed

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5
Q

John Locke human nature view

A

Human beings are rational, guided by the pursuit of self-interest, but mindful of other’s concerns

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6
Q

John Locke society view

A

Society predates the state – natural societies with natural laws and natural rights

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7
Q

John Locke economy view

A

State policy should be respectful of the ‘natural right’ to private property and arbitrate effectively between individuals competing for trade and resources

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8
Q

Mary Wolstencroft key work

A

A Vindication of the rights of women

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9
Q

Mary Wolstencroft key concept

A

Asserted that women need to recieve education and same fundamental rights as men

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10
Q

Mary Wolstencroft key quote

A

‘Women ought to be representatives, instead of being arbitrarily governed without any direct share allowed them in the deliberations of government’

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11
Q

Mary Wolstencroft human nature view

A

Rationalism defines both genders – intellectually men and women are not very different

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12
Q

Mary Wolstencroft state view

A

The monarchial state should be replaced with a republic which ensures women’s rights

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13
Q

Mary Wolstencroft society view

A

Society ‘infantilized’ women and this stifled female individualism

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14
Q

Mary Wolstencroft economy view

A

A free-market economy would be energized by the enterprise of liberated woman

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15
Q

John Stuart Mill key work

A

On Liberty

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16
Q

John Stuart Mill key concept

A

Harm principle/utilitarianism

17
Q

John Stuart Mill key quote

A

‘The sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-possession’

18
Q

John Stuart Mill human nature view

A

Though fundamentally rational, human nature is not fixed, it is forever progressing to a higher level

19
Q

John Stuart Mill state view

A

The state should proceed cautiously towards representative democracy – mindful of minority rights

20
Q

John Stuart Mill society view

A

The best society was one where ‘individuality’ co-existed with tolerance and self-improvement

21
Q

John Stuart Mill economy view

A

Laissez-faire capitalism was vital to progress, individual enterprise and individual initiative

22
Q

Betty Friedan key work

A

‘Feminine Mystique’

23
Q

Betty Friedan key concept

A

Believed that women found themselves bound to households and were unable to escape

24
Q

Betty Friedan key quote

A

‘Each suburban wife struggles with it alone. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, matched slipover material (…) she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question – is this all?’

25
Q

Betty Friedan human nature view

A

Human nature has evolved in a way that discourages self-advancement among women

26
Q

Betty Friedan state view

A

The state should legislate to prevent continued discrimination against female individuals

27
Q

Betty Friedan society view

A

Society remained chauvinistic towards women, though women were complicit in their repression

28
Q

Betty Friedan economy view

A

Free market capitalism could be an ally of female emancipation if allied to legislation precluding sexual discrimination

29
Q

John Rawls key work

A

A theory of justice

30
Q

John Rawls key concept

A

Veil of ignorance

31
Q

John Rawls key quote

A

‘Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both a) reasonably expected to be to everyone’s advantages and b) attached to positions and offices open to all’

32
Q

John Rawls human nature view

A

Mankind is selfish yet empathetic; valuing both individual liberty and the plight of those around them

33
Q

John Rawls state view

A

The state should enable less fortunate individuals to advance, via public spending and public services

34
Q

John Rawls society view

A

The society most individuals would choose would be one where the condition of the poorest were improved

35
Q

John Rawls economy view

A

Free market capitalism should be tempered by the state’s obligation to advance its poorest citizens

Political ideologies - a level (16 decks)

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