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Political ideologies - a level > Feminism > Flashcards

Feminism Flashcards

1
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3

1st wave feminism - period operating and their key aims

A
  • Basic legal reform for single and married women
  • Securing women’s right to vote - 1867 the National Society for Women’s Suffrage
  • Achieveing equal education for men and women
  • 1848-1920
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2
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2nd wave feminism - period operating and their key aims

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  • Casual racism exposed - social equality - sex and reproductive rights
  • Equality in workplace and education
  • Challenging patrachial norms, traditional gender roles and objectification of women
  • 60s-80s
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3
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3rd wave feminism - period operating and their key aims

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  • Intersectionality and sexual liberation
  • Pluralism
  • Respect for self determination
  • 1990-2010
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4
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4

4th wave feminism - period operating and their key aims

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  • Sexual abuse, harassment, violence in the workplace and equal oay
  • LGBTQ+ community - diversifies to black people
  • Digital Activism - expanding feminist movement as they share personal stories and experiences
  • 2010 onwards
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5
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2

Success of 1st wave feminism

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  • 1857 - Matrimonial Causes Act - allowed to divorce
  • 1870 - Married Women Property Act - gave more the right to proper earnings
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6
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3

Success of 2nd wave feminism

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  • Approval of contraceptive 1960
  • Right to have credit card and apply for mortgages under their own name
  • Equal Pay Act 1963
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7
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Success of 3rd and 4th wave feminism

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MeToo - rising population of gender sutdies, comprehensive social reform, trans rights

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8
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3

Key theorists of 1st wave feminism

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  • Mary Wolstoncraft - critical of Burke
  • Elizabeth Stanton - organised 1st Women’s Right Convention
  • Pankhurst Family
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9
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3

Key theorists of 2nd wave feminism

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  • Friedan
  • De Beauvoir
  • Audre lorde
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10
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Key theorists of 3rd wave feminism

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  • Anita Hill - spoke to an all male senile judiciary committee that judge Clarice Thomas had been harassed by
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11
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2

Key theorists of 4th wave feminism

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  • Laura Bates - Everyday Sexism Project 2012 - raises awareness of sexism experienced by women on a daily basis
  • Ptyhia Peauy - ‘Feminists Spiritual Wave’
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12
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3

Key domestic successes over the last 150 years

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  • 2014 - Shared parental leave introduced
  • 2002 - Parliament allows gay couple to adopt
  • 2004 - Domestic Violence Crime and Victims Act
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13
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Key educational successes over the last 150 years

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  • 1944 - Education Act
  • 1993 - equality in higher education
  • 1914-18 - 46.7% employed
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14
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2

Key political successes over the last 150 years

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  • 1979 - Margaret Thatcher first PM
  • 2016 - 29% of MPs women and 32% of Cabinet women
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15
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5

Main principles of liberal feminism

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  • Liberty - the idea that women should be free to choose the nature of their own lives
  • Equality of opportunity - women should enjoy the same chances in life as men
  • Equal civil rights - the rule of law should fully extend to women
  • Equal private rights like property
  • Equal political rights - like the vote
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16
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3

The 3 main forms of action from liberal feminists to combat patriarchy

A
  • End to discrimination and inequality
  • Cultural attitude should be changed - women’s sense of inferiority anbd the manner in which this was reinforced needed to be changed through education, propoganda and opposition
  • Political and leghal equality must be mainmtained and extended
17
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4

Areas in which liberal feminism has succeeded

A
  • Bring women into the political mainstream
  • More inclusive and socially progressive - centrism and reformism
  • Efforts to secure equal rights through legislation
  • Advocacy for reproductive rights - pill, abortion, SDA Act 1975
18
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3

Areas in which liberal feminism has failed

A
  • Lack of critique of basic gender relationships - lack of class and race analysis
  • Lack of analysis of ways in which women are different from men - intersectionality
  • Workplace inequality
19
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4

Radical feminism characteristics

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  • Destruction of patriarchal society and the new creation of w wholly new type of society
  • They are more revolutionary then reformist in nature. Not violent rev
  • Emphasise the importance of female consciousness
  • Tend to be difference feminists
20
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Equality feminists believe in

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The elimination of all social, cultural and political differences between sexes to pursue absolute eqaulity

21
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Difference feminists believe in

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The belief that women are biologically and culturally different from men - it argues that these differences need to be recognised and celebrated

22
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4

Radical feminism - problems they have with liberal feminism

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  • Difference feminists rather than equality feminists
  • Revolutionary in their outlook, not reformists
  • Stress the importance of female consciousness
  • propose the absoilute destruction of patriachal society
23
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4

Radical feminism - view on patriarchy

A
  • Women exploited sexually and economically
  • Men oppress women in all fields - home, econ - political in nature because of male chauvinism - men hate women so women have been taught to hate themselves and willingly subject themselvs to an inferior position
  • Dialectic class struggle - origins of this were in biological diffferences that fostered - has existed because of this
  • Sexually oppressed - pornography as symptomatic of men’s view of women as little more than sex objects - lesbian communities to liberate
24
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3

Radical feminism - response to patriarchy

A
  • Sexual liberation - escaping from the limitations of traditional male-female relationships - female liberated from male dom will not feel inferior or hate themselves
  • Abolition of nuclear family and its replacement by communal forms of child rearing and living in general - will remove male dom of family
  • Elimination of biological roles - modern bio technology to free women from biological enslavement - removal of sex differences - no longer need men to reproduce - fundamental liberation
25
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Intersectionality

A

Feminism as a study of women’s position within society has to be combined with other elements of identity such as ethnicity or class (certain sections of radical feminism look at this too)

26
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Germaine Greer quote

A

‘Until women themselves reject stigma and refuse to feel shame for the way others treat them, they have no hope of achieving full human stature’

Political ideologies - a level (16 decks)

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