Liberal Revolutions Flashcards
What were the causes of the revolutions?
- Nationalism & Liberalism Ignored
- Bourgeoise wanted french revolution ideas back (limit power of monarchy)
- Some nations wished for independence from imperial control
- Agricultural crisis caused hunger and high bread prices. Industrial crisis caused more unenmplyement.
What did liberal revolutions promote?
Promoted the establishment of parliamentary constitutional regimes and were against absolutism
What countries had a revolution in 1820?
Spain, Portugal, Naples, Greece and Russia
How was Spain 1820 Revolution?
Constitution created by liberals in 1812.
Ferdinand VII did not accept the constitution and established absolutist system.
Colonel Riego siezed power and made king promise to follow constitution.
Revolt put down in 1823 after France sent army of 100k.
Ferdinand VII recovered absolute power.
Who was mostly involved in 1820 revolutions?
only a small number of educated people, some nobles and some army officers
How was Naples 1820 Revolution?
Inspired by Spaniards.
Regiment in the army of Two Kingdoms of Sicily started revolution in 1820.
Was at first successful since Ferdinand I was forced into conceding a constitution.
Rebellion put down in 1821 after Austria sent army of 50k.
Ferdinand I dismissed parliament and tore up constitution, revolt was a failure.
How was 1821 Greek Revolution?
Greeks revolted against Turks.
Russia helped Greek rebels as they were interested in weakening traditional enemy Turkey.
Russia’s actions were against principles of Vienna Congress.
After long war, Greeks independent in 1829.
How was Paris Revolution 1830?
Charles X pursued compensation policies for nobles, and gave more power to church, inciting a revolt. He also tightened press censorship and attempted to abolish parliament.
French people revolted and caused Charles X to flee the country.
Leader Louise Phillipe of Orleans chosen by people.
Inspired other revolutions of 1830.
How was Belgium Revolt 1830?
Netherlands artificially created in Vienna Congress
Belgians were catholic and spoke French
Dutch were protestant and spokr Dutch
Belgians did not want to be ruled by house of Orange
Belgium revolted and became independent in 1831.
What happened after 1830 Revolutions?
Division of continent into 2 areas
How was Europe divided after 1830 revolutions?
UK and France: Liberal powers
Europe Absolutist powers: Russia, Prussia, Austria.
Why was 1848 the year of revolutions?
Revolutions became much more frequent and intense.
Why did revolutions become more frequent in 1848?
Liberal and Nationalist ideas coincided with economic crisis. Agricultural crisis (potato and wheat) generated hunger and high bread prices. Industrial crisis raised Unemployement. Working classes demanded a solution fot hunger and unemployement.
Where did revolutions start in 1848? Why? What happened as a result?
France, because Louis Philippe’s government could not handle the hunger and unemployement crises.
Second Republic was instituted.
However, Coup d’etat in 1850 made Napoleon III the ruler of the Second French Empire.
Where did the revolution in France of 1848 spread to?
Vienna, Berlin, Milan, Budapest and Prague
