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Italian History > Liberal Italy to 1914 (Key Facts) > Flashcards

Liberal Italy to 1914 (Key Facts) Flashcards

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1
Q

when was the unification of italy

A

1860s

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2
Q

when was the triple alliance made between what countries

A

1882- Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary

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3
Q

when was the franchise extended

A

1885-2% to 25% of men

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4
Q

what happened in 1898

A

major riots which killed over 100 people

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5
Q

when was the battle of adowa in abyssinia

A

1896

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6
Q

when was King Umberto assassinated

A

1900

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7
Q

when was Giolitti made prime minister for the 4th time

A

1911

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8
Q

when was the invasion of libya

A

1911

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9
Q

when did Turkey surrender to italy

A

1912- were distracted by Balkan wars

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10
Q

when was the extension of the franchise after Giolitti

A

1912

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11
Q

when did Giolitti resign

A

March 1914

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12
Q

who replaced Giolitti

A

nationalist Salandra

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13
Q

when was Red week

A

1914

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14
Q

when did Salandra declare neutrality in WW1

A

August 1914

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15
Q

When was the treaty of London

A

april 1915

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16
Q

when was the declaration of war against austria and germany

A

May 1915

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17
Q

risorgimento

A

-“rebirth”
-refers to reunification of 1860s

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18
Q

“legal”/ “real” italy

A

italy unified in a a legal way but population was excluded from politics and didnt identify with the liberal state

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19
Q

roman question

A

catholics refusal to recognise the legitimacy of the liberal state and the loss of the papal states

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20
Q

transformismo

A

system of bargains politicians made with eachother to form a government
-became less effective after expansion of franchise in 1913

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21
Q

italia irredente

A

italian speaking territories occupied by austria
-e.g. trentino, dalmation coast, trieste, flume

22
Q

treaty of london

A

in 1915 britain agreed to give italia irredente (except flume) in return for italy joining the war against Austria and germany

23
Q

reformists

A

moderates in the socialist party led by turrati

24
Q

maximalists

A

extremists in the socialist party, eventually mussolini becomes prominent leader

25
Q

liberal party

A

collection of groups in favour of status quo and included radicals, catholics, nationalists, democrats
-dominated parliament in terms of numbers but were divided
-grouped around patrons e.g. giolotti on the left and salandra on the right

26
Q

PSI

A

italian socialist party

27
Q

ANI

A

Italian nationalist association
-wanted to make italy a great power by aggressive foreign policy
-influentil amongst elite but lacked mass electoral base
-D’annunzio famous leader

28
Q

futurists

A

intellectual movement led by marinetti who glorified violence and influenced nationalists

29
Q

industrial triangle

A

industrial cities in the north, turin genoa and milan

30
Q

syndicalists

A

extreme trade unions wanting strike action

31
Q

catholic action

A

umbrella term for numerous charitable youth and sports clubs that spread the church’s influence

32
Q

franchise

A

extension of the vote to most men
-all literates over 21
-all illiterates over 30

33
Q

giolittis reform programme

A

-abolished child labour
-social insurance and pensions
-maternity fund
-spending on public works increased by 50%
-balanced budget by restraining expenditure on armed forces
-maintains government neutrality in industrial conflicts (enabled trade unions to strike and force employers to increase wages)

34
Q

anticlericalists

A

italians who opposed the catholic church
-rejected religious involvement in schools and marriage
-e.g. socialists and radicals
-giolittis coalition with the catholics led to radicals withdrawing support, forced him to resign in 1914

35
Q

red week

A

-new PM salandra reversed giolittis reforms e.g. non intervention of strikes
-provoked the left into rioting known as red week
-hundreds killed
-socialists too disorganised to keep fighting, only lasted a week

36
Q

declaration of neutrality

A

-italy part of triple alliance to help further chances with colonial gains
-remained neutral in aug 1914 saying austrias invasion of serbia was an aggressive act
-italy had little to gain from fighting for austria and much to lose from making enemies with britain and france

37
Q

what percentage of north and south were illiterate

A

1911 45% in the south
10% in the north

38
Q

how much more steel did germany make

A

20 times

39
Q

how much more agricultural yield did france make

A

double

40
Q

how much did italys GDP grow every year

A

2.8% annually

41
Q

how much did workers wages grow by between 1900 and 1914

A

40%

42
Q

what happened in the 1913 election

A

-socialists won 22% of the vote but only 69 deputies (15% of seats)
-nationalists only had 3 deputies
-liberal coalition lost some deputies but still had majority (318/511)

43
Q

how much of population concerned with agricultural production

A

60% in 1914
-in britain only 15%

44
Q

where was the most fertile region

A

Po valley

45
Q

how many could vote in 1870-85

A

-2% of men (wealthy) in 1870
-extended to 25% of men in 1885 but most not legible to vote till 1912

46
Q

how much did the electorate increase by in 1912

A

3 million to 8 million

47
Q

how much did the main socialist newspaper increase by between 1912 and 1914

A

-Avantil circulation quadrupled
-mainly due to new editor and rising star in maximalists of PSI, mussolini

48
Q

how many members of the PSI were there in 1914

A

50000
-not yet a mass party

49
Q

how many soldiers died in the libyan war

A

3,000

50
Q

how many deputies expressed support for giolittis attempt to prevent declaration of war

A

300/510 deputies showed support in may 1915
-giolitti backed down as king threatened to abdicate which would cause further crisis

Italian History (9 decks)

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