Leys - Vitamins

Question 1

Measurements of vitamin levels in the blood relate more to _______ than to _______.

Answer 1

recent intake

overall body status

Question 2

_______ act as _______ in many metabolic pathways.

Answer 2

water-soluble vitamins

coenzymes

Question 3

The body has no storage capacity for _______ except _______.

Answer 3

water-soluble vitamins

B12

Question 4

Evidence is emerging that suggests an excess of some _______ can be toxic.

Answer 4

B vitamins

Question 5

Most vitamins are _______ before they become _______.

Answer 5

modified

active

Question 6

B vitamins are co-enzymes in different types of reactions:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 6

B1 - carboxylations
B2/B3 - oxidoreductases
B6 - transaminases
biotin - carboxylases
folic acid/B12 - single carbon transfers

Question 7

Lack of _______ causes _______.

Answer 7

riboflavin

angular stomatitis

Question 8

Eating _______ can cause a _______ deficiency.

Answer 8

raw egg whites

biotin

Question 9

_______ is needed, indirectly, for DNA synthesis.

Answer 9

folic acid

Question 10

_______ are used as antibiotics (trimethoprim) and cancer therapy (methotrexate).

Answer 10

inhibitors of folate reduction

Question 11

There is an increased demand for _______ during pregnancy.

Answer 11

folic acid

Question 12

_______ deficiency is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies.

Answer 12

folic acid

Question 13

The functions of _______ and _______ are interrelated.

Answer 13

B12

folic acid

Question 14

_______ is concentrated in the liver.

Answer 14

B12

Question 15

_______ deficiency causes scurvy resulting in _______.

Answer 15

vitamin C

defective collagen synthesis

Question 16

Lack of _______ also impairs immune function.

Answer 16

vitamin C

Question 17

_______ vitamins are not as readily absorbed as _______ vitamins, but can be stored in _______.

Answer 17

fat-soluble
water-soluble
tissues

Question 18

Some _______ vitamins (_______ and _______) can be toxic in excess.

Answer 18

fat-soluble
A
D

Question 19

_______ is _______ and should be avoided during pregnancy.

Answer 19

vitamin A

teratogenic

Question 20

_______ is a signaling molecule that interacts with _______.

Answer 20

retinoic acid

ligand-activated transcription factors

Question 21

Deficiency of _______ causes night blindness.

Answer 21

vitamin A

Question 22

_______ regulates calcium and phosphorous homeostasis.

Answer 22

vitamin D

Question 23

The majority of _______ is produced by _______ of skin.

Answer 23

vitamin D

UV exposure

Question 24

People in northern climates have a difficult time getting sufficient _______ in the winter.

Answer 24

vitamin D

Question 25

Deficiency of _______ causes _______ of bones with _______ susceptibility to fractures.

Answer 25

vitamin D
demineralization
increased

Question 26

_______ deficiency is a link to childhood caries.

Answer 26

vitamin D

Question 27

_______ is necessary for blood coagulation.

Answer 27

vitamin K

Question 28

Which type of vitamin (water-soluble or fat-soluble) acts as coenzymes in many metabolic pathways?

Answer 28

water-soluble

Question 29

Which type of vitamin (water-soluble or fat-soluble) is less readily absorbed through the diet?

Answer 29

fat-soluble

Question 30

Which type of vitamin (water-soluble or fat-soluble) can be stored in tissues?

Answer 30

fat-soluble

Question 31

What is the only water-soluble vitamin to be able to be stored?

Answer 31

vitamin B12

Question 32

What is the only fat-soluble vitamin to act as a coenzyme?

Answer 32

vitamin K